Control of HVDC transmission system

based on mmc with three level flying

capacitor submodule

Presented by :

ANAND P P
s7 f
roll no : 6

contents
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INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS HVDC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM?
MMC

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND MODELING

DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM
Decoupled current control model

Control and modulation of mmc- hvdc system

AC and DC current control for MMC- B
AC and DC current control for MMC- A
Arms Energy Balance Control
Modulation Scheme

Advantages
Disadvantages
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES

Introduction
HVDC stands for High Voltage Direct Current and is today a
well-proven technology employed for power transmission all
over the world.
HVDC technology is used to transmit electricity over long
distances byoverhead transmission linesor submarine cables.
It is also used to interconnect separate power systems, where
traditional alternating current (AC) connections can not be
used.

What is hvdc transmission system?

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Modular multilevel converter

( mmc )

Modular multilevel converter ( MMC ) based HVDC system is

the most popular
High modularity , high power quality , common dc bus and
capable to manage DC faults
2L HB submodule are widely used .it is also possible to use
multilevel submodules

A 3L FC submodule is considered over 2L HB , which has 2

floating capacitors with different voltage rating

CONT.
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During normal operation of MMC , submodule capacitors

voltage need to be regulated at its nominal value . In steady
state the imbalance in capacitor voltage has a severe impact
on the converter performance therefore a control strategy is
required to regulate the capacitor voltage along with active
and reactive power flow

Verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK software

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND MODELING

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A . DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM

FIG 1:- HVDC SYSTEM BASED ON MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTER

Cont.
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IT CONSIST OF 2 AC systems , 2 MMC HVDC station

consist of 3L- FC submodule and a DC cables which
connects two stations modelled as a T-model
It has six arm and each arm is composed by large number
of submodule connected in series .arms are connected
between DC terminals and each AC phase
Each 3L-FC submodule has 2 flying capacitors (c1 and
c2) . The outer capacitor voltage (vc1) is twice that of inner
capacitor voltage (vc2)
The switching state and the direction of the arm current
decides the charging and discharging of submodule
capacitor

Cont.

FIG 2 :- POWER
CIRCUIT OF THREE
PHASE MMC

CONT.
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FIG 3:-Modular MultiLevel Converter
submodule states

FIG 4:- CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY 3L-FC

B. Decoupled current control model

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Considering
equal modulation index for all submodule in each arm of MMC

is the output voltage step equal to the inner capacitor voltage

Arm voltage
= 2N
= 2N

N corresponds to the number of 3L-FC submodule per arm and the

variable & corresponds to the modulation index of the positive and
negative arm of the converter x

The effect of circulating current control loop is neglected by the effect of

balancing strategy ,

the modulation indices are composed by two independent components,

which are related to the AC and DC current components:

= +

CONT.
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[From

reference (1)] The decoupled DC and AC current

model for the MMC-A and B are given by:
(2 + )() + (2 + ) = 2 2N
( + )() + ( +()= (N)

losses in AC system

losses in DC cables

internal losses of each converter

Control and modulation of mmc- hvdc system

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The HVDC systems are composed by two AC stations,

where one station controls the total DC-line voltage
the other station regulates the total transmitted active and reactive power .
In this case, the MMC-B regulates the total transmitted active and reactive power

the MMC-A maintains the total DC-line voltage

14

A . AC and DC current control for MMC-B

FIG 5 :- BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MMC B CONTROL SYSTEM

Cont.
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The MMC-B control the total transmitted power

To control these currents , a PI controller in rotating
reference frame synchronized with the output
frequency of the MMC-B is used
The current idcB is a continuous DC-signal
PI controller is used to generate the DC component
of the modulation signal (mdcB)
The reference DC current component idcB is
generated by using a total energy control loop

B. AC and DC current control for MMC- A

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The MMC-A regulates the total DC-line voltage

FIG 6 :- BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MMC - A CONTROL

c. Arms Energy Balance Control

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To ensure the average DC voltage in positive and negative arms of

MMC-A and MMC-B, an arm energy balance controller is used in the
DC component of the modulation index control loop
From fig :- the actual total energy of the arm (Eyx) is compared with
its reference (Ex). The resultant error is controlled by a PIcontroller. The resultant output is denominated as mdcyx and it is
added to the DC modulation index (mdcyx)

FIG 7:- BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ARM BALANCING CONTROL

D . Modulation Scheme
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Each

3L-FC submodule require two triangular carrier

signals for generate the switching state S1 and S2
respectively

Therefore, per phase is require a 4N carrier signals.

These carrier signals are phase-shifted by an angle of
The positive and negative arm modulation signals are
obtained from the closed loop controller
These modulating signals are compared with triangular
carrier signals of the corresponding arm
The output of each comparator is added together and
the resultant output is a normalized reference pulse
width modulated waveform

Advantages
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Reactive power requirement

System stability
Lesser Corona Loss and Radio interference
Independent Control of ac system
Fast change of energy flow
Line losses in a dc line are lower than the losses in
an ac lines
The towers of the dc lines are narrower, simpler and
cheaper compared to the towers of the ac lines.

Disadvantages
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Expensive converters with limited overload capacity

Higher losses in static converters at smaller
transmission distances
High voltage DC circuit breakers are difficult to build

CONCLUSIONS
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A control strategy to control the active power,

reactive power and total DC-line voltage in a MMC3L-FC based HVDC transmission system. With the
proposed control strategy, the independent control
of the power flow, submodule capacitors voltage in
each MMC station and total DC-line voltage are
achieved.
The control and modulation strategies are easily
extended to any number of submodules per arm

REFERENCES
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1. M. Perez, R. Lizana F, and J. Rodriguez, Decoupled current

control of modular multilevel converter for hvdc
applications, in Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2012 IEEE
International Symposium on, May 2012 , pp. 19791984.
2. S. Cole and R. Belmans , Transmission of bulk power,
Industrial Electronics Magazine, IEEE, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 19
24, sept. 2009
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVDC_converter