Viral Respiratory Diseases2

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Diseases > Viral Respiratory System Diseases
Viral Respiratory System Diseases
Colds
Viral Pneumonia
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Influenza
www.boundless.com/microbiology
Colds
Over 200 virus types have been found that cause the common cold, with
rhinoviruses being the most common.
Rhinoviruses are a sub-type of picornavirus, a non-enveloped RNA virus, which is
very small in size.
The symptoms of the common cold are not due to the viral infection directly but
rather the bodies response to the virus.
There is no cure for the common cold, and in fact antibiotics which often
prescribed are detrimental to patients.
Coronaviruses
View on Boundless.com
www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/diseases-15/viral-respiratory-system-diseases-179/colds-896-573
Viral Pneumonia
Viral pneumonia is caused by both viral infection which leads to cell death.The
body's response to clear the cellular debris leads to further inflammation and the
blockage of respiration.
Many different viruses can cause viral pneumonia, but they all enter the lungs
and damage the alveoli.
The best prevention for viral pneumonia is to vaccinate against the viruses that
can cause pneumonia.
Symptoms of pneumonia
www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/diseases-15/viral-respiratory-system-diseases-179/viral-pneumonia897-703
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

RSV is a single stranded virus, the genome of which encodes 11 proteins which
play different roles in RSV infection.
RSV can induce syncytia (aggregates of host cells), providing further fertile
ground for RSV to propagate.
There is no direct treatment of RSV except to mitigate the symptoms, giving the
patient's body time to fight off the infection.
Syncytium
www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/diseases-15/viral-respiratory-system-diseases-179/respiratory-syncyti
al-virus-infection-898-7060
Influenza
The most common symptoms of the disease are chills, fever, sore throat, muscle
pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness/fatigue, and general discomfort.
Influenza is transmitted through the air by coughs or sneezes, by direct contact
with bird droppings or nasal secretions, or through contact with contaminated
surfaces.
Coryza is a word describing the symptoms of a cold and refers to the
inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity which usually
gives rise to the symptoms of congestion.
Symptoms of influenza
www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/diseases-15/viral-respiratory-system-diseases-179/influenza-899-10
139
Appendix
Diseases
Key terms
Alveoli alveolus (plural alveoli) a small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.
apoptosis The process of programmed cell death by which cells undergo an ordered sequence of events which lead to death
of the cell.This occurs during growth and development of the organism, as a part of normal cell aging, or as a response to
cellular injury.
cannula A hose or tube that connects directly to an oxygen (O2) bottle/source from the user's nose, commonly used by aircraft
pilots or others needing a direct oxygen breathing apparatus.
capsid The outer protein shell of a virus.
coryza Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity, usually causing a running nose, nasal congestion, and
loss of smell.
cytokines Regulatory proteins that function in the regulation of the cells involved in immune system function
hypertonic Having a greater osmotic pressure than another.
influenza An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the
world in seasonal epidemics.
prophylactic A medicine that preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.
RNA virus Any of many viruses that possess ribonucleic acid as their genetic material and do not replicate using DNA.
serotypes A group of microorganisms characterized by a specific set of antigens; serovar.
Diseases
Symptoms of pneumonia
Typical symptoms associated with pneumonia.
Wikimedia. "Symptoms of pneumonia." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253ASymptoms_of_pneumonia.svg View on Boundless.com
Diseases
Syncytium
The mass or "ball" of cells in the middle of the image are a syncytium of cells that formed due to infection by the HIV virus.
Wikimedia. "CPE syncytium." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253ACPE_syncytium.jpg View on Boundless.com
Diseases
Symptoms of influenza
Symptoms of influenza with fever and cough the most common symptoms.
Wikipedia. "Influenza." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza View on Boundless.com
Diseases
The common cold is best described as:

A) a viral infectious disease of the lower respiratory tract that primarily
affects the alveoli
B) a viral infectious disease that produces an immune response that
damages the nasal epithelium
C) a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily
affects the nose
D) a viral infectious disease that can be treated with a wide range of
antibiotics
Diseases
The most commonly implicated virus in the common cold is the

rhinovirus. Which of the following best describes this rhinovirus?
A) It is an enveloped RNA virus
B) It is a non-enveloped DNA virus
C) It is an enveloped DNA virus
D) It is a non-enveloped RNA virus
Diseases
Pneumonia can be caused by either viral or bacterial infections.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct in regards to the
viral route of infection?
A) The virus enters the respiratory system by entering the mouth and
nose via droplets
B) The virus, upon invasion of the airway and alveoli, will directly kill the
cells or cause apoptosis
C) The immune system response damages the lungs by activating agents
that fill the alveoli with fluid
D) The virus infects the alveoli, replicates and releases viruses which
cause fluid to fill the alveoli
Diseases
Which of the following characteristic can be associated with the

human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
A) RSV is a negative-sense, single stranded DNA virus
B) RSV is a negative-sense, double stranded RNA virus
C) RSV is a negative-sense, single stranded RNA virus
D) RSV is a negative-sense, double stranded DNA virus
Diseases
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of the human

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
A) The expression of M proteins required for viral fusion protein synthesis
that enter the host cell
B) The expression of SH proteins that are needed to form syncytia
C) The expression of G proteins responsible for transferring genomic
RNA to the host
D) The expression of F proteins on its surface that results in the merging
of nearby cell membranes
Diseases
Choose the answer that best describes coryza, a respiratory

system disorder.
A) viral infection causing chills, fever, aches, fatigue
B) inflammation of mucous membranes of nasal cavity that may be viral
or allergenic in nature
C) caused by RNA virus with rapidly-evolving protein 'coat' requiring new
vaccinations each year
D) caused by family of viruses that affect both birds and mammals
Diseases
Attribution
Wikipedia. "Common cold." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold
Wikipedia. "Picornaviridae." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornaviridae
Wikimedia. "Coronaviruses 004 lores." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg
Wiktionary. "capsid." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capsid
Wiktionary. "serotypes." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/serotypes
Wikipedia. "Viral pneumonia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_pneumonia
Wikipedia. "Pneumonia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia
Wiktionary. "cytokines." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cytokines
Wiktionary. "apoptosis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apoptosis
Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/alveoli--2
Diseases
Wikipedia. "Syncytia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytia#Viral_infection

Wikipedia. "Human respiratory syncytial virus." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_respiratory_syncytial_virus
Wiktionary. "hypertonic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypertonic
Wiktionary. "prophylactic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prophylactic
Wiktionary. "cannula." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cannula
Wikipedia. "Coryza." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coryza
Wikipedia. "Influenza." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza
Wiktionary. "influenza." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/influenza
Wiktionary. "RNA virus." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/RNA+virus
Wiktionary. "coryza." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coryza

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Diseases > Viral Respiratory System Diseases

Viral Respiratory System Diseases

Diseases > Viral Respiratory System Diseases

Diseases > Viral Respiratory System Diseases

Diseases > Viral Respiratory System Diseases

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Diseases > Viral Respiratory System Diseases

The common cold is best described as:

The most commonly implicated virus in the common cold is the

B) It is a non-enveloped DNA virus

C) It is an enveloped DNA virus

D) It is a non-enveloped RNA virus

Pneumonia can be caused by either viral or bacterial infections.

Which of the following characteristic can be associated with the

B) RSV is a negative-sense, double stranded RNA virus

C) RSV is a negative-sense, single stranded RNA virus

D) RSV is a negative-sense, double stranded DNA virus

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of the human

Choose the answer that best describes coryza, a respiratory

Wikipedia. "Syncytia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytia#Viral_infection

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