Drug Preparations/Nomenclature:

Chemical name: precise description of drugs

chemical composition
Generic name: the name assigned by the
manufacturer that first develops the drug
Official name: the name by which the drug is
identified in the USP and NF
Trade name: copyrighted name selected by the
drug company that sells the drug

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Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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Factors Affecting Drug Action:

Developmental considerations
Weight
Sex
Genetic and cultural factors
Psychological factors
Pathology
Environment
Timing of administration

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Adverse Drug Effects:

Drug allergy
Anaphylactic reaction

Cumulative effect
Idiosyncratic effect
Drug interaction
Antagonist effect
Synergistic effect

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Types of Medication Orders:

Standing order: carried out as specified until it is
canceled
As needed (p.r.n.) order: as requested or needed
Single order: carried out only once
Stat order: single order carried out at once

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Parts of the Medication Order:

Patients name
Date and time order is written
Name of drug to be administered
Dosage of the drug
Route by which the drug is to be administered
Frequency of administration of the drug
Signature of the person writing the order

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Medication Supply Systems:

Stock supply system
Individual supply system
Unit dose system
Medication carts

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Systems of Measurement:
Metric system
Apothecary system
Household system

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Three Checks and Five Rights:

The label should be checked three times before
administration:
When the nurse reaches for the container
Immediately before pouring or opening medication
When replacing the container to the drawer or shelf or
before giving the medication to the patient

The five rights are: give the right medication to the

right person in the right dosage through the right
route at the right time.

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Factors in Choosing the Equipment

Needed for an Injection:
Route of administration
Viscosity of the solution
Quantity to be administered
Body size
Type of medication

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Preparing Medications for

Administration by Injection:
Single-dose glass ampules
Single-dose rubber-capped vials
Multidose rubber-capped vials
Prefilled cartridges

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Methods of Injecting Medications:

Intradermal injections
Subcutaneous injections
Intramuscular injections

Ventrogluteal site
Vastus lateralis site
Deltoid muscle site
Dorsogluteal site

Intravenous route

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Administering Medication Intravenously:

Patient-controlled analgesia
Medications may be added to the patients infusion
solution

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Continuous infusion
Intravenous bolus or push
Intermittent intravenous infusion
Piggyback, volume-control administration set, and miniinfusion pump

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Eye Instillations:
Eye drops
Ointments
Eye irrigation
Eye medication disks

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Documenting Medication Administration:

Omitted drugs
Refused drugs
Medication errors

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