UNIT - 4

BIO ENERGY
BY
B.RAMESHKUMAR B.E, MBA

What
WhatisisBIO
BIOEnergy?
Energy?
Bioenergy

is:
energy derived from recently living material
such as wood, crops, or animal waste.
(versus decayed materials that comprise
fossil fuels)

Can

be burned directly for heat or converted

to biofuels such as biodiesel or ethanol.
Its a Renewable Energy Sources

BIOMASS
BIOMASS
All organic matter is known as biomass, and
All organic matter is known as biomass, and
the energy released from biomass when it is
the energy released from biomass when it is
eaten, burnt or converted into fuels is called
eaten, burnt or converted into fuels is called
biomass energy. Biomass provides a clean,
biomass energy. Biomass provides a clean,
renewable
energy
source
that
could
renewable
energy
source
that
could
dramatically
improve
our
environment,
dramatically
improve
our
environment,
economy and energy security. Biomass energy
economy and energy security. Biomass energy
generates far less air emissions than fossil
generates far less air emissions than fossil
fuels. Unlike combustion of fossil fuels, which
fuels. Unlike combustion of fossil fuels, which
releases
carbon
dioxide
captured
by
releases
carbon
dioxide
captured
by
photosynthesis billions of years ago, carbon
photosynthesis billions of years ago, carbon
dioxide released by biomass is balanced by
dioxide released by biomass is balanced by
carbon dioxide captured in the recent growth
carbon dioxide captured in the recent growth
of the biomass, so there is far less net impact
of the biomass, so there is far less net impact
on greenhouse gas levels.
on greenhouse gas levels.

WHERE DOES BIOMASS COME

FROM
?
Biomass is obtained from anyplant, human or animalderived

organic matter. Wood from trees, agricultural crops, wood

factory waste, and the construction industry Burnt wood from
forest fires Animals and animal droppings

Biogas Yield from various raw materials

USABLE FORM OF BIOMASS

BIO FUELS

SOLIDS

STRAW

METHANOL, ETHANO;

VEGETABLE OILS

GASES

METHANE

BIO MASS RESOURCES

CONCENTRATED WASTE MUNICIPAL SOLID, SEWAGE ,

INDUSTRIAL WASTE,

DISPERSED WASTE RESIDUE CROP RESIDUE, DISPOSED

MANNER

HARVESTED BIOMASS

FORESTS

AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

AQUATIC PLANTS

CONVERSION
CONVERSIONOF
OFBIOMASS
BIOMASS
WASTE
WASTEINTO
INTOUSEABLE
USEABLEFUELS
FUELS

Gasification Exposing a solid fuel to high temperatures and

limited oxygen produces biogas.

Pyrolysis Heating the biomass can produce pyrolysis oil and

phenol oil leaving charcoal.

Digestion Bacteria, in an oxygen-starved environment can

produce methane.

Fermentation Bio-material that is used to manufacture Ethanol

and Biodiesel by an anaerobic biological process in which sugars
are converted to alcohol by the action of micro-organisms, usually
yeast.

Solid Fuel Combustion Direct combustion of solid matter.

BIO
BIOMASS
MASSLIQUIFICATION
LIQUIFICATION

FERMENTATION
FERMENTATIONMATERIALS
MATERIALS

FERMENTATION REACTION

ETHANOL
ETHANOLFROM
FROMSUGAR
SUGARCANE
CANE
LIME JUICE +
LIME JUICE +
SO2
SO2
SUGARCA
SUGARCA
NE
NE

CANE
CANE
JUICE
JUICE

CLARIFIE
CLARIFIE
D
JUICE
D JUICE
MOLASSE
MOLASSE
S
S

ETHANOL
ETHANOL

SUGAR
SUGAR

BIO GAS PRODUCTION FROM WASTE

BIOMASS

METHODS TO OBTAIN ENERGY FROM

BIOMASS

COMPONENTS
COMPONENTSOF
OFBIO
BIOGAS
GAS
PLANTS
PLANTS

SINGLE STAGE CONTINUOS

BIOGAS PLANT

BIOGAS BATCH
PLANT

FLOATING DRUM TYPE BIOGAS

PLANT

FIXED DOME TYPE BIOGAS

PLANT

BIO GAS
APPLICATIONS
COMMONLY
BIO GAS
CONTAINS
60% CH4
AND
REMAINING
CONTAINS
CO2

COOKING
ELECTICAL USAGES
IC ENGINES- PETROL &
DIESEL ENGINES
FUEL CELLS

ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES

MORE FLEXIBILITY
EQUAL MIXING OF GAS AND AIR IN ENGINES
REDUCES THE WEARNESS OF ENGINE
REDUCE THE CO & NO EMISSIONS
LOW PRODUCTION COST
LESS POLLUTION
THE WASTE OF THIS USE FOR FERTILIZER
OTHER HOME APPLIANCES LIKE,COOKING, ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTS

FACTORS AFFECTING BIO GAS

GENERATION
TEMPERATURE
LOADING Rate
Solid concentration
Ph value
Retention Period
Nutrients Concentration
Toxic Sunstances

BIO DIESEL