SMART ANTENNA

SYSTEMS IN BWA

Submitted by
M. Venkateswararao
 Abstract
• One of the most rapidly developing areas of
communications is “Smart Antenna” systems. The
elegance of their applications in various fields such a 4G
telephony system, best suitability of multi carrier
modulations such as OFDMA etc..,

•The signal that is been transmitted by a smart antenna

cannot tracked or received any other antenna thus ensuring
a very high security of the data transmitted. This paper also
deals the required algorithms that are need for the beam
forming in the antenna patters.
 INTRODUCTION
• The rapid growth of the Internet user base and of
bandwidth-hungry applications in recent years has created
a need for ‘last mile’ broadband access

• We define “broadband” access as one that provides at

least 5 Mbps peak (burst) rate per user in the downlink
direction and 500 Kbps peak (burst) rate in the uplink.

• These include rapid deployment, high data (Mbps/sq.mile)

scalability, low maintenance.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
C 1

SIGNAL PROCESSING
SIGNAL PROCESSING
b 2 b 5 . ..
b 1 b 4 . . .
A 1 B 1

b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 . .. . b 2 b 5 . . . b 2 b 5 . .. b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 . . ..

B 2 C 2
A 2

b 3 b 6 . . . b 3 b 6 . ..

C 3

A 3 B 3

A 1 B 1 C 1

A 2 B 2 C 2

A 3 B 3 C 3
Smart Antenna Array:
• Antenna array with a digital signal
processing capability to transmit and
receive in an adaptive and spatially
sensitive manner.

“Smart” >> digital signal processing facility

USAGE
Applications to:
• cellular and wireless networks
• radar
• electronic warfare (EWF) as a
countermeasure to electronic
jamming
• satellite systems
WHY SMART ANTENNA ARRAYS?
 Higher Capacity
 Higher Coverage
 Higher bit rate
 Improved link quality
 Spectral efficiency
 Mobility
Elements of a Smart Antenna
• Number of radiating elements

• A combining/dividing network

• Control unit
Aim :
• To maximize the antenna gain in
the desired direction
• To minimize the gain in
directions of interferers
 Smart Antennas for Base
Stations
• The idea of smart antennas is to use
base station antenna patterns that are
not fixed, but adapt to the current radio
conditions
• Can be visualized as the antenna
directing a beam toward the
communication partner only
 Types of Smart Antennas
Switched lobe (SL):
( also called “switched beam” )

• simplest technique

• comprises only a basic switching

function between separate directive
antennas or predefined beams of an
array
Types of Smart Antennas - cont’d
Dynamically phased array (PA):

• continuous tracking can be achieved by

including a direction of arrival (DoA)
algorithm for the signal received from the
user
• can be viewed as a generalization of the
switched lobe concept
BWA ARCHITECTURES

SINGLE (MEGA) CELL

• In mega cell architecture, a large service area with
a radius of up to 30 miles is covered by one or two cells.
The base station antenna is typically located on a very high
tower or hill top (height of 500 to 1200 ft) to provide line of
sight (LOS) paths to subscribers.
• A high gain CPE rooftop mounted antenna pointing
towards the base station is used. Frequency reuse in angle
(and polarization) may be possible with sectorization [Fig.
1(a)], particularly on the uplink.
Macro Cell

•Macro cellular systems use spatial frequency reuse

to cover the service area. The BTS heights are
similar to cellular infrastructure.

• LOS propagation is usually not possible, and cell

ranges are therefore much smaller (1 – 4 miles) due
to higher path loss.
 SMDA
(Space Division Multiple Access)

• More than one user can be allocated to the

same physical communications channel
simultaneously in the same cell

• Separated by angle only

• In a TDMA system, two users will be

allocated to the same time slot and carrier
frequency at the same time and in the same
cell
SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access)
SMART ANTENNA ADVANTAGES

Array Gain: Multiple antennas coherently combine the

signal energy improving the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N).
Available both on transmit and receive.

Diversity Gain: Spatial diversity obtained from multiple

antennas helps combat channel fading. Available on
transmit and receive.

Spatial Multiplexing: Spatial multiplexing uses multiple

antennas at both ends to create multiple channels and
improves spectrum efficiency (bps/Hz).
 Conclusion
• A large market opportunity is opening up for providing broadband
wireless access to residential, SOHO and business markets.
Successful BWA systems need to be scalable, should have high
spectrum efficiency, should offer high bit rates and should be easy
to deploy at the infrastructure and subscriber end.
• Use of multiple antennas at both ends of the wireless link along with
efficient modulation, radio resource management, coding and
diversity can increase spectrum efficiency
REFERENCES

1. “Smart Antenna Systems Tutorial”, The International Engineering

Consortium, http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/smart_ant/

2. Lehne, P.H. and Pettersen M., “An Overview of Smart Antenna

Technology for Mobile Communications Systems”, IEE
Communications Surveys, Fourth Quarter 1999, vol. 2, no.4,
http://www.comsoc.org/livepubs/surveys/public/4q99issue/pdf/Lehne.pdf

3. Schüttengruber, W., Molisch A.F. and Bonek E., “Smart Antennas for
Mobile Communications Tutorial”,
http://www.nt.tuwien.ac.at/mobile/research/smart_antennas_tutorial/inde
x.en.html