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75-kW Microturbine
Toronto Laboratory:
Monitoring Results
at a
Brian Boyd
Technology Directorate of PWGSC
2001
Outline of presentation
Project Description
Equipment
Funding Partners
Site Description
Reason for Doing the Project
Project Chronology
Summary Figures
Conclusions
Project Description
2301 Midland Avenue, Scarborough has the first
Canadian installation of a micro-turbine supplying
electricity and waste heat to a building. The gasfired unit was intended to operate continuously,
providing 75 kW electric and 155 kW thermal heat.
Natural gas consumption by the buildings boilers
has been reduced by the application of recovered
heat to space heating systems in winter and humidity
control systems in summer.
Project Description
2301
Midland
Avenue,
Scarborough
Equipment
Parallon 75
Parallon75
Parallon 75
Equipment
Parallon 75
Honeywell Power Systems
Canadian Distributor:
Mercury Electric Calgary, AB
Features:
75-kW gas-fired microturbine
No gearbox
A recuperator
Low NOx emissions in exhaust
Local support was provided by the local Honeywell group.
Equipment
MicoGen
Heat Recovery System
Unifin International, London, ON
This Canadian designed and fabricated heat recovery system
increases the systems overall efficiency by recovering the heat
in the turbines exhaust and using it to heat hot water for space
heating in the winter and humidity control in the summer. The
heat supplied reduces the natural gas used in the buildings
boilers.
Equipment
The MicoGen combined heat & power system reduces
the need for design engineering, leaving only
application and installation considerations. The heat
supplied reduces the natural gas used in the building's
boilers.
Further information on the equipment is available at
the Unifin web site.
http://www.unifin.com/micogen.htm
Funding Partners
The costs of the installation were shared among:
PWGSC
CAN$ 143 K
NRCan
CAN$ 66 K
Enbridge Consumers Gas
CAN$ 50 K
Kinectrics
CAN$ 30 K
( formerly Ontario Hydro Technologies )
Cost Breakdown
Source: NRCan
Turbine
Actual
Cost (C$)
70,900
100%
Hindsight
70,900
50th
Installation
70,900
CHP unit
13,065
15,800
11060
Mechanical
19,425
19,330
17,330
Electrical
4,755
4,755
4,255
Civil
11,377
7,940
5,540
131
Metering
9,820
9,820
6,820
91
Consulting
Engineering
Project
Mangement
21,751
12,000
8,448
42,542
24,336
8,884
TOTAL
193,635
164,882
133,287
$/kW
2581
2198
1777
Item
Specific
Cost $/kW
945
378
232
1777
Cost Breakdown
Source: NRCan
Turbine
Heat Recovery
Civil/Electrical
Metering
Funding Partners
The Technology Directorate of PWGSC originally
obtained funding from the Program for Energy
Research and Development (PERD) and later through
the Technology Development & Transfer (TD&T)
Program.
The installation was done by VESTAR as a designbuild through a contract with PWGSC, Technology (E.
Morofsky, Project Manager).
Site Description
Site selection:
The building requirements were to be
such as to continuously have a need
for at least 155 kW heat and 75 kW
electricity. The installation was to be
monitored and evaluated for 18
months.
Site Description
2301 Midland
Avenue, Scarborough
Site Description
Building Host:
Health Canada Laboratory Building
@ 2301 Midland Avenue
3-story building
approximate altitude of 600 ft.
The building has also recently undergone a FBI (Federal
Buildings Initiative) project that reduces its energy
consumption by 50% through more efficient lighting,
controls and a conversion of the constant volume ventilation
to a variable volume system. (Retrofit done by Vestar, an
energy services company supplying third party financing.)
Site Description
Site Description
Enclosure
Heat Rec. Unit
Concrete Pad
Turbine
Gas Meter
Transformer
Fuel
Sloped lines on water
loop
H2O
Site Description
Enclosure
Concrete Pad
Fuel
Power
10
11
12
$900,000
$800,000
$700,000
$600,000
$500,000
$400,000
15 cents/kWh
$300,000
14 cents/kWh
$200,000
13 cents/kWh
12 cents/kWh
$100,000
11 cents/kWh
$0
10 cents/kWh
($100,000)
9 cents/kWh
8 cents/kWh
($200,000)
7 cents/kWh
($300,000)
6 cents/kWh
($400,000)
($500,000)
5 cents/kWh
4 cents/kWh
3 cents/kWh
($600,000)
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
Project Objective
CETC DISTRIBUTED GENERATION PROGRAM
April 12, 2000 Equipment Delivery (originally planned for September 30, 1999)
June 9, 2000 Commissioned (originally planned for October 30, 1999)
November 7, 2000 Unit shut down pending ETS Field Certification
June 9, 2000 - November 7, 2000 Availability: 60%
Gas compressor and core replaced after 2000 hours of operation
January, 2001 Monitoring Underway (originally planned for November 30,
1999)
January 4 Emissions Testing
January 26 A minor gas leak was detected by Enbridge and repaired by
Honeywell.
February 5 Versatech (mechanical contractor) replaced the bottom flange of
gas meter and installed a flexible connector to the cogeneration unit.
February 6 Vestar restarted the co-gen unit at 10:30 a.m. Logging was
restarted at 12:00 noon (after 2614 hours of operation).
February 8 Turbine stopped at 2 p.m.
February 9 Enbridge found the unit had been off for an unknown amount of
time with the fault light lit. The key was turned from the normal position to the off
position.
February 15 Honeywell checked the unit and started it up at 1 p.m.
March 7 Kinectrics turned the microturbine off briefly to install a power quality
meter for a test. The power level was measured at 75kW.
March 14 Honeywell performed a retrofit on the plenum sealing and fan hub
upgrade.
March 27 Honeywell fixed a leak on the outlet of the flex line to the ASCO
solenoid and added 500ml of oil to the gas compressor, then got the unit up and
running but it stopped at 4 p.m.
March 29 - Turbine restarted at 12 p.m.
April 6 The computer was found off; the data may not be good.
April 6 The computer was found off; the data may not be good.
April 23 Honeywell attempted an efficiency test but the unit shut itself down
after 8:30 a.m. and the test was delayed.
Overall averages:
power output:
heat output:
68.4
62.4
kW
kW
1012.6 Btu/CuFt
920.55 Btu/CuFt
(0.2965 kWh/CuFt)
(0.2696 kWh/CuFt)
Temperature
40
30
20
10
-10
-20
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Month
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
Availability
100
March
90
July
Percent Availability
80
April
70
February
60
June
50
August
40
30
20
10
May
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Month
September
5
5.5
6.5
7.5
Meter Output
1200
400
300
800
600
400
200
STD CuFt/Hr
Fuel Rate in kW
Btu Meter (kW)
Power Out (kW)
100
200
0
0
15-Feb 17-Feb 19-Feb 21-Feb 23-Feb 25-Feb 27-Feb 1-Mar
Kilowatts
1000
Percent Efficiency
35.00
30
30.00
20
25.00
20.00
10
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
Heat Efficiency (% )
Turbine Efficiency (% )
Outside Temp. (deg C)
-10
-20
40.00
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
15-Feb
17-Feb
19-Feb
21-Feb
23-Feb
25-Feb
27-Feb
1-Mar
191 C
75 STACK
91
C
LOSSES
to ambient
temperature
70
POWER
84
HEAT
75
271 GAS
Performance Summary
50 kW
25 kW
NOx
1.704
1.2168
1.296
CO
2.352
23.904
85.392
THC
0.0384
2.916
5.5152
Source: NRCan
Performance Summary
50 kW
25 kW
NOx
28.4
15.1
8.8
CO
63.9
488
952
THC
1.9
104.1
107.5
Source: NRCan
Conclusions
The heat recovery was lower than expected (62.4 vs
155 kW) due to thermal losses on uninsulated parts of
the recuperator and a reduced thermal output in winter.
The heating circuit design was a success using water
instead of glycol in an outside freezing environment.
The noise issue, which had originally concerned the
building operator, proved not to be a problem.
The emission data was found to be within
specifications.
Conclusions
The gas compressor caused problems because it was
not registered with the local fuel safety organization
and was noisy and unreliable.
Is the installation economic and how many
buildings are suitable for microturbine application?
Many aspects of the installation at Midland Avenue
would be done differently if we had a second chance.
Most of these were due to inexperience with
installing and operating a microturbine at a
building site. We will be analyzing these issues and
recommending standard installation procedures.
Conclusions
The Health Canada Laboratory is not a typical
building but other building types where clients require
highly reliable power or dependable standby power
with strict dehumidification requirements are potential
applications. This would include laboratories,
museums, computer facilities and 24/7 operations, and
office buildings with alternate cooling needs.