FLOORING

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
FLOORING MATERIAL
FLOORING TYPES
PROCESS OF FLOORING
SELECTION OF FLOORING MATERIAL
FLOORING TOOLS
ISSUES WITH FLOORING

INTRODUCTION

Flooringis the general term for a permanent

covering of floor, or for the work of installing
a floor covering.
Floor coveringis a term to generically
describe any finish material applied over a
floor structure to provide a walking surface.
Materials almost always classified as floor
covering includecarpet, area rugs, and
resilient flooring such
aslinoleumorvinylflooring.
Materials commonly called flooring
includewood flooring,ceramic
tile,stone,terrazzo, and various seamless
chemical floor coatings.

FLOORING MATERIALS

The choice of material for floor covering

is affected by factors such as cost,
endurance, noise insulation, comfort and
cleaning effort.
Some types of flooring must not be
installed below grade (lower than ground
level), and laminate or hardwood should
be avoided where there may be moisture
or condensation.
The sub-floor may be finished in a way
that makes it usable without any extra
work.

FLOORING TYPES

Hard flooring

FLOORING MATERIAL

Wood
Stone
Tile

Soft flooring
Carpet
Rugs
resilient

Soft coverings
Wood flooring
Resilient flooring
Hard flooring
Seamless
chemical flooring

PROCESS OF FLOORING

Surface preparation is a critical step to ensure proper

installation of your NATURE STONEfloor and well take
care of it for you. We will remove dirt, oils, grease, paint,
tiles and carpet from your concrete floor prior to installing
your new NATURE STONEfloor covering.
If your existing concrete floor has cracks and unevenness,
we resin weld affected areas to reinforce and correct the
gaps to assure a beautiful, even NATURE STONEfloor
covering.
After completing the preparation work, mixers on our trucks
blend the special epoxy and stones, which our installers
then trowel by hand over the existing concrete floor to
ensure quality control and a uniform appearance.
The result:beautiful, long-lasting NATURE STONEflooring for
garage, basement, outdoor and commercial applications.

SELCTION OF FLOORING MATERIAL

depends upon below factors:

Initial Cost
Appearance
Cleanliness
Durability
Damp Resistance
Sound Insulation
Thermal Insulation
Fire Resistance
Smoothness
Hardness
Maintenance

SOFT COVERING

Carpetis a floor covering

woven or felted from
natural or man-made fibre.
Fitted carpetis attached to
the floor structure, extends
wall-to-wall, and cannot be
moved from place to place.
Rugs are smaller than the
room in which they are
located and are generally
placed over the wood
flooring.
They may be attached to
the flooring below by
adhesive or other methods.

WOOD FLOORING

Many different species of

wood are fabricated intowood
flooringin two primary forms:
plank andparquet.
Hardwoodsare typically much
more durable thansoftwoods.
Laminateis a floor covering
that appears similar to
hardwood but is made with a
plywood or medium density
fibreboard ("MDF") core with a
plastic laminate top layer.
Bamboo flooringis a floor
manufactured from the
bamboo plant and is a type of
hardwood flooring, though
technically not a wood.

HARD WOOD FLOORING

RESILIENT FLOORING

Resilientflooring is
made of material that
has some elasticity.
It includes many
different manufactured
products
includinglinoleum,
sheetvinyl,vinyl
composition tile
(VCT),cork(sheet or
tile),rubber, and
others.

GLAZED TILES

New technologies
are emerging
since 2004 to
produce hard
floorings having
the ability to light
up when needed
these tiles are
called Glazed tiles.

TILES FLOORING

HARD FLOORING

Ceramic tileincludes a
wide variety of clay
products fired into thin
units which are set in
beds
ofmortarormasticwit
h the joints between
tiles grouted.
Varieties include quarry
tile,porcelaintile ,
terracottatile, and
others.

SEAMLESS CHEMICAL FLOORING

Many different seamless

flooring materials are
available. These are
usually
latex,polyester,urethan
e orepoxycompounds
which are applied in
liquid form to provide a
completely seamless
floor covering.
These are usually found
in wet areas such as
laboratories or food
processing plants.

EXAMPLES OF BRICK FLOORING

RUBBER FLOORING

It consists of sheets or
tiles of rubber, in variety
of patterns and colours
with thickness varying
from 3 to 10 mm.
The sheets are fixed to
the concrete floor with
the help of appropriate
adhesives.
Rubber floorings are
resilient and noise proof.
They are costly, hence
used in public buildings or
offices

VINYL FLOORING

FLOORING TOOLS
Special tools used for
flooring include:
Flooring clamp, a clamp
fortongue-andgroovefloors while
nailing
Knee kicker, used to
position carpets
precisely and stretch
small areas, like steps
Concrete moisture
meterused to check a
concrete floor before
laying flooring on top

ISSUES WITH FLOORING

Wood floors, particularly older ones, will

tend to 'squeak' in certain places.
This is caused by the wood rubbing
against other wood, usually at ajoint of
the subfloor.
Firmly securing the pieces to each other
withscrewsor nailswill remove this
problem.
Concrete floors are usually so solid they
do not have this problem, but are also
much more expensive to construct, and

Thank you