CDMA Overview

ZTE University
CDMA BSS T&D Team

Objective

Mobile Communication development history

CDMA evolution history
CDMA features and advantages
CDMA spectrum allocation
Role of ZTE in CDMA

Evolution of Mobile Communication System

LTE

Long Term Evolution (LTE), also called E-UTRA/EUTRAN, and 3GPP2 UMB are named Evolved 3G
(E3G).
LTE is based on the OFDM technology. To reduce the
user-plane delay, LTE has no the Radio Network
Controller (RNC). To a certain extent, LTE is a
revolution of the communication field rather than an
evolution.
The revolution makes the system inevitably losing
the compatibility of networks and terminals. Thus, the
devices at the network side and terminal side must be
updated and replaced. According to the technology
classification, LTE belongs to the scope of 4G.

LTE

CDMA2000 Evolution History

CDMA Status in the World

The 281 operators in the 106 countries have selected CDMA2000 as their own
3G platform.
By the end of 2008, more than 50% CDMA2000 operators have provided the
mobile broadband services based on the EVDO.

ZTE Leading Position in CDMA

1.
2.
3.
4.

The earliest research

The largest investment
The most fruitful achievements
The full experiences

1.
2.
3.

The first to sign the research protocols with Qualcomm

The first to gain the network access certificate of the BS
The first to commission the commercial office of the CDMA
BS devices in China
The first to produce the CDMA set-card separation handset
The first to get through the cdma2000-1x voice call

4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

Participates in standard making and subject research.

One of the formal members of CWTS
One of the formal members of 3GPP and 3GPP2
One of the Qualcomm IPR negotiation group members
Directly participates in and formulates:

800 MHz CDMA Cellular Mobile Device Test Specifications:

BS Part

800 MHz CDMA Cellular Mobile Communication Network:

Mobile Application Part Test Specifications.
Undertakes two items of 863 national high-tech key projects
about the 3G mobile communication research.

CDMA Features and Advantages (1)

AMPS, D-AMPS, N-AMPS
1

30

Vulnerability:
C/I @ 17 dB

30

10 kHz

2
3
7
1
6
4
5

1 Users

Typical Frequency Reuse N=7

GSM

Users

200 kHz

Vulnerability:
C/I @ 12-14 dB

2
3

1
4

Typical Frequency Reuse N=4

CDMA

Vulnerability:
Eb/No @ 6--7 dB

20 Users
1250 kHz

1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1

Typical Frequency Reuse N=1

1
1

The simple wireless

network plan
The high coefficient
of frequency reuse
The simple
engineering design
The easy and
convenient capacity
expansion

CDMA Features and Advantages (2)

The Large coverage range, twice larger than

the standard GSM; less BSs deployed in the
same coverage range to save the investment
Exampl
e

For the 1000 km2 coverage, the GSM

needs 200 BSs while the CDMA only
needs 50 BSs. (Note: The exact results
needs Link Budget).

CDMA Features and Advantages (3)

High spectrum capacity: Under the same spectrum, the capacity is 8-10
times larger than the AMPS and 4-6 times larger than the GSM.
FDMA: Different users use the different
frequencies, such as TACS and AMPS.

TDMA: Different users use the different

time slots of one frequency, such as
GSM and DAMPS.

CDMA: All users on the same time and

same frequency gain different TCHs
according to various spreading codes.

CDMA Features and Advantages (4)

Good concealing, high privacy and hard to wiretap

CDMA Features and Advantages (5)

Adopts the unique soft handoff technology to decrease the call drop rate.

CDMA: For the cell/sector handoff, adopts the make before break
soft/softer handoff mode, effectively decreasing the call drop.
Other wireless systems: For the cell/sector handoff, adopts the make
after break hard handoff mode, easy to generate the call drop.

CDMA Features and Advantages (6)

Provides the high-qualify voice

Uses the 8KQCELP, 8KEVRC and 13KQCELP voice coding
technology
Fulfills the favorable background noise suppression function.

CDMA Features and Advantages (7)

Adopts the perfect power control and voice activation technologies

to decrease the handset transmission power, to increase the
system capacity and to prolong the battery lifetime, which has little
effect on the users health, therefore also called a green handset.

Small transmission power

Power control, voice
activation

Technology
Mechanism

Average Transmission
Power

Maximum
Transmission Power

GSM

125mW

2W

CDMA

2mW

200mW

CDMA Features and Advantages (8)

8.1

Full high-speed packet structure: Easy to smoothly update to the 3G platform.

95A 95B
Technical

Upgrades
software.
Replaces
handsets to
obtain new
services.

Economic
al

Zero-cost

95B 1X

1X 1XEV

Adds the 1X
channel board.
Upgrades
software.
Replaces
handsets to
obtain new
services.

Adds the 1XEV

channel board.
Upgrades
software.
Replaces
handsets to
obtain new
services.

Is determined
by
requirements
of new
services.

Is Determined
by
requirements
of new
services.

Smoothly update to the 3G! For operators, the minimum loss wins
the maximum benefit!

8.2

800MHz Spectrum Assignment

B Band

799

A Band

716
715

667
666

334
333

1
1023

991

Channel
Numbers

1019

37

78

119

160

201

242

283

384

425

466

507

548

589

630

691

736

777

**

*
CDMA A-Band Carriers

CDMA B-Band Carriers

Requires frequency coordination with

non-cellular interferers

** Requires frequency coordination with

Frequency
point

A-band carrier

A Band Primary Channel

A Band Secondary Channel

Center
frequency

283
691

B Band Primary Channel

B Band Secondary Channel

BS receiving (Uplink): 825.00+0.03N

BS transmitting (downlink): 870.00+0.03N

384
777

CDMA Network Architecture

Circuit Switched (CS) domain

BSSB

HLRe

GMSCe

MSCe

other
Network

IP
transport

MGW

BBU

GMGW

BSCB
PDSN/FA

IP backbone
Network

HA

AAA

Packet Switched (PS) domain

Core Network
Access Network

Internet

ZTE CDMA Service Supply

Plan simulation
Wireless engineering optimization

F
F

B
B

F
B

H
B

HL

H G
B F

A
B
F

Networking
plan
Network optimization simulation
Maintenance optimization: network performance check

ZTE CDMA Product Supply

Summary

Summary

CDMA Development Overview

CDMA Features and
Advantages
CDMA Frequency Allocation