ELECTRICAL

MACHINES

TYPES OF MOTORS
split-phase

AC

single
phase

capacitor-type

two-value
capacitor
permanent-split
capacitor

repulsion motor

shaded pole

three
phase

squirrel cage
induction
wound rotor
synchronous

universal

series

DC

shunt
cumulative
compound
differential

DC MOTORS

Series Motor

High Starting Torque

Speed varies with load
Will run away with no load
Used for applications where the
load is always connected

Use:
For work that demands high starting
torque such as locomotives, cranes,
hoists, street cars, automobile starters.

Shunt Motor
Average Starting Torque
Speed is fairly constant
Self-regulating
Will run away if field is opened
Used in the industry where
reasonably constant speed is
important

Use: Blowers, fans, etc.

Cumulative Compound Motor

Excellent Starting Torque
Better constant speed than Shunt motor
Will not run away under no-load
Used for high starting torque and for no
run away conditions
Use: Heavy duty starting such as elevators,
escalators

Differential Compound Motor

Very Poor Starting Torque
Constant speed

AC MOTORS

SINGLE PHASE
MOTORS

1. SPLIT-PHASE MOTOR

The most popular type of single

phase motor.

Sizes:
Used wherever motors of 1/20 1/3 Hp
are required.

Types of Motors

Use:
General purpose, high torque, full
voltage start fans, blowers, pumps,
power tools, etc.

Types of Motors

2. CAPACITOR-TYPE MOTOR
It can be made by connecting a
capacitor in the motor circuit at the
proper point in series with start
winding.
Sizes: Generally 1/20 10 Hp

Types of Motors

Use: High starting torque, high pf,

quiet operation
refrigerators, air conditioners,
hoists
Types of Motors

Two types of Capacitor-type

motor:
1. Two value capacitor motor
- greater starting torque
2. Permanent-split capacitor motor
- low starting torque
Types of Motors

3. REPULSION MOTOR
Often called an inductive series
motor
Its speed & torque characteristics are
similar to that of a DC series motor.
Size: Generally 1/8 5 Hp

Types of Motors

Use: Constant speed motor, across the

line starting
Vacuum cleaner, floor polisher, etc.

Types of Motors

4. SHADED POLE MOTORS

Known for its
simplicity and
long life
Low starting
torque
Sizes: Generally
1/250 1/40 Hp
Use: Driving small
fans, clocks

Types of Motors

THREE PHASE
MOTORS

1. INDUCTION MOTOR
The most common type of AC motor
A. SQUIRREL CAGE
- comparatively low in cost per
horsepower
- good starting torque and overload
capacity are highly efficient
- constant speed motors
Types of Motors

Uses: fans, blowers, compressors, pumps

Types of Motors

B. WOUND ROTOR MOTOR

- High starting torque

- Low starting current
- Variable speed
- Always operated on a threephase system & generally
connected wye
- Sometimes referred to as the
slip ring motor

Types of Motors

Use:
Fans, centrifugal
and plunger
pumps,
compressors,
conveyors,
hoists and
cranes, etc.

Types of Motors

Advantages of Wound Rotor

over the Squirrel Cage Type
1) It will develop high starting and

accelerating torque.
2) With the rotor resistance set to get
maximum starting torque, it draws
less starting current.
3) It offers the possibility of virtually
step less speed control.

Disadvantages of Wound Rotor

over the Squirrel Cage Type

1) The efficiency is almost directly

2)

3)

proportional to the operating speed. At

50% of synchronous speed, efficiency is
virtually cut in half, and this becomes
important if the motor runs at low speed
for long periods.
The controllers does not change the noload speed very much, and so at low
speed settings the speed regulation
becomes very poor.
They cost much more than squirrel cage
motor.

2. SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Runs at a speed exactly
proportional
to the
frequency of the supply
current.
Constant speed
Very little starting torque
No overload capacity and
are quite inefficient
Use: Timing devices such as
electric clocks

Types of Motors

UNIVERSAL MOTOR
Quite similar to a series-wound DC motor
Designed to run on DC or AC of the same
voltage and frequency
Often called as AC series motor
Sizes: Generally 1/200 1/3 Hp

Types of Motors

Use:
Vacuum cleaner,
electric drills,
sewing machine,
portable tools

Types of Motors

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