Warm Humid

Climate

Group Members.

K L RAVI CHANDU
(B130397AR)
T VIJAY KUMAR
(B130094AR)
V MANOJ PRASHANTH (B130969AR)
D PRASHANTH
(B130371AR)
A SHYAMALA
(B130894AR)
NIKHIL SILIVERI
(B130798AR)
BHANU PRAKASH
PAVAN KUMAR
A MADHU KIRAN
(B130986AR)

C L A SS I F I C AT I O N

A tropical climate is a kind of climate typically in the

tropics

Defined as non-arid climate in which all 12 months have

mean temperature above 64.4F (18.0C)

Cover the largest area of earth (20% of land surface and

43% of ocean surface) - the home to almost half of the
world s population
South Florida, The Caribbean, Central Africa, Coastal India,

Southeast

Asia,

North

America, or most of Brazil.

Queensland,

Hawaii,

Central

C L A SS I F I C AT I O N
Can be divided into 3 major climatic zones
and 3 sub-groups :I.
II.
III.

Warm-humid equatorial climate

.
warm-humid island or trade-wind climate
Hot-dry desert or semi-desert climate
.
hot-dry maritime desert climate
Composite or monsoon climate (combination
of I & II)
.
tropical upland climate

C L A SS I F I C AT I O N
Type of Tropical Climate

Warm Humid
Climate

Hot Dry Desert

Climate

Composite or
Monsoon Climate

Sub-Group
Warm Humid Island
Climate

Hot Dry Maritime

Desert Climate

Tropical Upland
Climate

WARM HUMID CLIMATE

Found in a belt near the Equator extending to

about 15 North and South

Examples: Malaysia, Jakarta, Singapore, Hawaii,

US

WARM HUMID CLIMATE

|ELEMENTS|

Air Temperature
Humidity
Vapour Pressure
Precipitation
Sky Condition
Solar Radiation
Wind
Vegetation

AIR TEMPERATURE :
Air temperatureis an objective comparative measure of hot or cold air.
At any point near the ground the air temperature is dependent upon the
amount of heat gained or lost at the earths surface and any other surfaces
with which the air has recently been in contact.
It is measured in fahrenheitor celsius or kelvin. Using dry bulb
thermometer.

HUMIDITY :
The relative humidity depends as much on the air temperature as on the
actual amount of water vapour present in the air.
The following situation is likely to arise, if the air is still

at ground

at 2

m
___________________________________________________________________________
Temperature
lower
Relative humidity
higher

high
low

VAPOUR PRESSURE :
Vapour pressure defined as the pressureexerted by avapourin
thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a
given temperature in a closed system. The equilibriumvapour pressureis
an indication of a liquid's evaporation rate.

PRECIPITATION :
Precipitationis any product of the condensation of atmospheric water
vapour that falls under gravity. The main forms ofprecipitationinclude
drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail.
It is measured using RAIN GUAGE.

WARM HUMID CLIMATE OF

SINGAPORE
LOCATION:
Lies just north of the Equator near Latitude 1.5 deg N and Longitude 104 deg E.
TEMPERATURE:
Diurnal range: Minimum 23 to 26C and Maximum 31 to 34C
Extremes: Minimum of 19.4C and Maximum of 36.0C
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
Mean value is 84%, During prolonged heavy rain, relative humidity often reaches 100 %
VAPOUR PRESSURE:
Diurnal pressure variation of 4hPa. Maximum pressure usually occurring at 1100 and 2400 Local Time and
minimum pressure occurring at 0500 and 1700 Local Time. Extreme pressures recorded are 1018.0hPa and
1002.5hPa.

SOLAR RADIATION:
Since Singapore is near the equator, the length of its day is
relatively constant throughout the year, and thus so is the
amount of sunshine it receives.
Daily sunshine hours are mainly influenced by the presence
or absence of cloud cover.
February and March have the largest number of sunshine
hours, while November and December have the lowest

Average monthly sunshine hours.

RAINFALL:
Rainfall is plentiful in Singapore and it rains an average of 178 days
of the year. Much of the rain is heavy and accompanied by thunder.
The long-term mean annual rainfall total is 2338.5mm.

Monthly rainfall for Singapore (mm) (1982-2014)

WIND:
Winds throughout the year show a diurnal variation, with lighter
winds during the night and stronger winds during the day.
The strongest winds occur during the Northeast Monsoon in
January and February.
Winds in Singapore are generally light, with the mean surface
wind speed normally less than 2.5 m/s except during the presence
of a Northeast Monsoon surge when mean speeds of 10m/s or
more have been observed.

Average monthly surface wind speed

VEGETATION:
Singapore has very little crop-suitable land but otherwise
has abundant plant life. Much of the soil in Singapore is clay,
although the origins and processes that formed the clay vary
by area.
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Thunderstorms are also a very regular phenomenon,
occurring on roughly 40% of all days year-round but
particularly common during the Southeast Monsoon.

WARM HUMID CLIMATE OF JAKARTA

LOCATION :
Jakarta is located in Indonesia at 6.1745S , 106.822E .

TEMPERATURE :
25C, Wind S at 8 km/h, 78% Humidity.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY :
The average annual relative humidity is 80.6% and average
monthly relative humidity ranges from 75% inSeptemberto 85%
inJanuary.

VAPOUR PRESSURE :
In jakarta the vapour pressure is 16-17 mbar . In the lowlands the
vapour pressure is about 25 mbar at night

SOLAR RADIATION

SUNSHINE HOURS OF
JAKARTA

The longest day of the year is 12:21 long and the shortest day is 11:38 long.
The longest day is 0:43 longer than the shortest day.
At midday the sun is on average 74.2 above the horizon at Jakarta, Java

RAINFALL :
The wettest month for Jakarta is January with an
average of98.2mmof precipitation falling while the
driest month is September with 26.0mm falling.

WIND :
The annual average wind speed in jakarta is 4-5 knots.

WARM HUMID CLIMATE

COLOMBO
LOCATION:

Colombo lies between Tropic of cancer and Equator Latitude 654'N and
Longitude 7951' E.

TEMPERATURE:
Colombo has a mean temperature of 27.4C.
The minimum and maximum temperatures are 17C and 36C.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
Average humidity of Colombo is 80%.
Maximum humidity is received during the month of June.
PRECIPITATION:
Average precipitation of Colombo is around 2404mm.
Its precipitation is high during the month of October of 300mm.

RAINFALL
Colombo receives its maximum rainfall during October to January.
The climate includes north east monsoon and south east monsoon.
May is the wettest month.

HUMIDITY
Humidity of Colombo is high during the months of November and December.
Sometimes it has a humidity of 90% in the month of May.

SOLAR RADIATION
Colombo receives much radiation during the months of March and April.
During the months of November and December it is always cloudy. So it
doesnt receive any rainfall

WIND
Colombo receives high wind from Southwest monsoon.
During the month of October, Colombo receives cyclonic winds .

TEMPE DTY
RATUR
E

UR
PRESS
URE

PITATI
ON

RADIATION

Min
19.4C
Max
36.0C

Mean
value is
84%

Diurnal
pressur
e
variatio
n of
4hPa

mean
annual
rainfall
2338.5m
m.

Max in feb and

march

normall abunda
y less
nt plant
than 2.5 life
m/s
max is
10.5

J
A
K
A
R
T
A

25C

average
annual
relative
humidit
y is
80.6%

vapour average
pressur of98.2
e is 16- mm
17 mbar

sun is on
average 74.2

average
wind
speed is
4-5
knots.

C
O
L
O

mean
27.4C.
min
17C

average
80%.

Average
2404m
m.

S
I
N
G
A

P
O
R
E

ATION

much radiation Southw

during March
est
and April
monsoo
n.