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Session outline
Quantitative and qualitative research
When to use questionnaires with children and young
people
Designing questions for children and young people the Question and Answer Model
Question testing techniques
Interactive quiz!
Qualitative
Qualitative
Qualitative
Qualitative
Fixed (questionnaires)
Incidence & prevalence
Representative sample
Data ordered & numerical
Qualitative
Choosing an appropriate
methodology (1)
Traditional leaning towards using qualitative
techniques with children and young people
Quantitative research widely considered feasible from
age 7
but age only a rough proxy for various aspects of
development
Choosing an appropriate
methodology (2)
Question-Answer Model
Comprehend
question
Retrieve
information
Respond
Judge
(Tourangeau 1984)
Comprehension
Vocabulary
Question length
Ambiguity
Double-barrelled questions
Depersonalised/indirect questions
Complex constructions
Negative questions
Suggestively phrased questions
Retrieval
Level of recall
Complexity of retrieval process
Reference periods
Judgement
Filtering responses - social desirability
Context effects
No right or wrong answers
Sensitive questions and topics
Response
Number of response categories
Ordering of response categories
Scales and labels
Explicit vs implicit Dont Knows
Showcards
Question testing
Sometimes called cognitive testing
Used to revise and refine questionnaire
In-depth interviews; retrospective probing and thinkaloud techniques
Other options: expert appraisal, focus groups,
observation