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Applets
Part of the AWT Class Hierarchy

Object
Component
Button
Checkbox
TextComponent
TextArea
TextField
Choice
List
Container
Panel
Window
ScrollPane
Applet
Dialog
Label
Canvas
ScrollBar
Frame
Netscape(JVM)
Loads HTML file
Loads Java Applet
TCP/IP
(socket)
TCP/IP
(HTTP)
Client
Internet
Java Security Model
TCP/IP
(HTTP)
TCP/IP
(socket)
Sambar Server
HTML files(Applet Tags)
Applets
Web Server
Java Security Model

Restricted Access to Local File System
Restricted Access to Outside Servers
Restricted Access to Threads
Java Applet
public class className extends java.applet.Applet

{
public void init() {}
public void paint(Graphics g) {}
}
Java Applet
Applets will have the following methods:
public void init ( ) {
//in here you will
//set fonts may be done in paint instead

//set initial background and foreground collors
//initialize attributes (if other than their defaults)
//add components and/or event listeners
}
public void actionListenerType (EventType e) {
//needed
for event driven applets may occur in a component subclass
//
//do some action that will change the applet display
repaint();
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//only implicitly called by repaint
}
Additional Applet Methods

public void start ( ) {
//called after init and before the first invocation of paint
//if applet is stopped and restarted, start is called
//Netscape calls start and stop when the browser window is resized
//IE and appletviewer dont
}
public void stop() {
//called when user leaves page containing the applet
}
public void destroy() {
//called when applet is about to be permanently destroyed
//when browser shuts down or when ir removes the applet from memory
//Called by IE when user leaves the page containing the applet
}
HelloWorldApplet1.java
import
import
import
import
java.awt.Graphics;
java.awt.Font;
java.awt.Color;
java.applet.Applet;
public class HelloWorldApplet1 extends Applet {

Font f = new Font("TimesRoman", Font.BOLD, 36);
String name,greeting;
public void init() {
name = Roger L. Norton";
greeting = new String("Hello " + name + "!");
}
g.setFont(f);
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawString(greeting, 5, 40);
}
}
Java HTML APPLET Tag

<APPLET CODE= WIDTH = xxx HEIGHT= yyy >
.
</APPLET>
Options:
CODEBASE
Designates the base URL
ALIGN
Designates the applet alignment choice (Left, Right, Top, Bottom, Middle)
HSPACE
Designates the empty space at the right and left of the applet
VSPACE
Designates the empty space above and below the applet
NAME
Designates the name of the applet
ARCHIVE
Designates an archive of classes to preload
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Example!
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2>
Event Driven Software Java Lecture 2
</H2>
<P>
<APPLET code="HelloWorldApplet1.class" width="500" height="50">
Hello World!
</APPLET>
</P>
<P>
<A href="HelloWorldApplet1.java">The Source</A>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Java HTML APPLET Tag

<APPLET CODE= WIDTH = xxx HEIGHT= yyy >
Some text to be displayed if browser does not support java
<PARAM NAME = VALUE = >
<PARAM NAME = VALUE = >
</APPLET>
HellowWorldApplet2.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2>
</H2>
<P>
<APPLET code="HelloWorldApplet.class" width="500" height="50">
<PARAM name="name" value="Roger L. Norton">
Hello World!
</APPLET>
</P>
<P>
<A href="HelloWorldApplet.java">The Source</A>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
HelloWorldApplet3.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2>
</H2>
<P>
<APPLET code="HelloWorldApplet.class" width="500" height="50">
Hello World!
</APPLET>
</P>
<P>
<A href="HelloWorldApplet.java">The Source</A>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
An Interesting Example
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Color;
public class ColorBoxes extends java.applet.Applet {
void delay(int time){
for(int i =1;i<=time;i++);
}
int rval, gval, bval;
String tempDelay = getParameter("delay");
int finalDelay = Integer.parseInt(tempDelay);
for (int k = 1;k<=100;k++){
for (int j = 30; j < (size().height -25); j += 30)
for (int i = 5; i < (size().width -25); i += 30) {
rval = (int)Math.floor(Math.random() * 256);
gval = (int)Math.floor(Math.random() * 256);
bval = (int)Math.floor(Math.random() * 256);
g.setColor(new Color(rval,gval,bval));
g.fillRect(i, j, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.drawRect(i, j, 25, 25);
};
delay(finalDelay);
};
};
}
ColorBoxes.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Colored Boxes
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2>
Event Driven Software Example #3
</H2>
<H2>
Colored Boxes
</H2>
<P>
<APPLET code="ColorBoxes.class" width="600" height="300">
<PARAM name="delay" value="10000000">
</APPLET>
</P>
<P>
<A href="ColorBoxes.java">The Source</A>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Events in Java
In Java most objects within the AWT class hierarchy have the ability to observe events
occurring with respect to itself (e.g. a button can observe that it has been pressed, or a
textbox can detect that it has been written to). The object can then send this
information to any other object that has indicated it is interested in knowing about such
happenings. These notified objects can then react to these events.
actionPerformed(ActionEvent)
Button
ButtonPanel
addActionListener(this)
getObjecct()
ActionEvent
buttonPressed
Events in Java
An event source:
can register listener object
can send listeners event objects
A listener object:
implements a listener interface
can be registered as a listener to various event sources
(ActionEvent actionPerformed)
Button
ButtonPanel
addActionListener(this)
getObjecct()
buttonPressed
An event object:
ActionEvent
contains information about the event that occurred

can be queried to receive this information
Event Listeners for Mouse and Keyboard Events

MouseListener
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e)
public void mouseExited (MouseEvent e)
public void mousePressed (MouseEvent e)
public void mouseReleased (MouseEvent e)
public void mouseClicked (MouseEvent e)
MouseMotionListener
public void mouseMoved (MouseEvent e)
public void mouseDragged (MouseEvent e)
KeyListener
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e)
public void keyReleased(keyEvent e)
public void keyTyped(keyEvent e)
Pressed and released at same location
Keyboard and Mouse Events

AWTEvent contains four important methods:
consume //delete the event
isConsumed
//returns boolean true if consumed by another

//listener on same source
getID
//and int represening the event type
getSource
//the Object that the event came from
KeyEvent adds the following methods:

getKeyChar
//returns character typed
setKeyChar
//replace the character with a different one
getKeyCode
//returns an integer value which can be passedto

//getKeyText
isActionKey
//differentiates function and arrow keys from normal key
getModifiers
setModifiers
//retrieve/replace modifier keys
isAltDown,
isShiftDown,
isControlDown
Keyboard and Mouse Events

MouseEvent methods:
methods
getX,
getY
//determine location of the mouse event
getClickCount
//differentiates between single and double clicks
getModifiers
//to determine which button was pressed
Event Handling Examples

Clicks Example 1
Clicks Example 2
Clicks Example 3
Colors Example
Text Example
Testing an Applet
Construct an HTML file that will locate your applet in a region of an html
page.
Run appletviewer with the name of the html file where you call your applet.

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Applets

Part of the AWT Class Hierarchy

Java Security Model

Java Security Model

public class className extends java.applet.Applet

//in here you will

//set fonts may be done in paint instead

Additional Applet Methods

public class HelloWorldApplet1 extends Applet {

Java HTML APPLET Tag

Designates the base URL

Designates the empty space above and below the applet

Designates the name of the applet

Designates an archive of classes to preload

Java HTML APPLET Tag

contains information about the event that occurred

Event Listeners for Mouse and Keyboard Events

Pressed and released at same location

Keyboard and Mouse Events

//returns boolean true if consumed by another

//and int represening the event type

//the Object that the event came from

KeyEvent adds the following methods:

//returns character typed

//replace the character with a different one

//returns an integer value which can be passedto

//differentiates function and arrow keys from normal key

//retrieve/replace modifier keys

Keyboard and Mouse Events

//determine location of the mouse event

//differentiates between single and double clicks

//to determine which button was pressed

Event Handling Examples

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