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muds )
2. Nondispersed-inhibited systems: salt muds, KCL-polymer muds
3. Dispersed-noninhibited systems: lignite-lignosulfonate muds, phosphate-bentonite muds
4.
bentonite muds.
10 lb/bbl
Polymer:
CMC (low viscosity):
6.Starches or polymers: 0.25 to 2.0 lb/bbl (Potato or corn starch, CMC, PAC)
In general, the lignosulfonate system is very stable, but it shows severe thermal degradation at
temperatures of 350 F and above. One common approach to this problem is the gradual
decrease in the use of lignosulfonate as formation temperatures approach 350 F and conversion
to a lignite-surfactant system.
2 to 6 lb/bbl excess
6.Starch or polymer:
As required
Again, because the water droplets act as small suspended solids in these