Pollutants via land

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Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous or
potentially harmful to our health or the environment.
Example
Discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or
pesticides, or the by-products of manufacturing
processes.

Types of Hazardous Waste

Listed Wastes
Characteristic Wastes
Universal Waste
Mixed wastes

Hazardous Waste Management

The collection, treatment, and disposal of waste
material that, when improperly handled, can cause
substantial harm to human health and safety or to the
environment.

 Transport ofhazardous waste

Hazardous waste generated at a particular site often requires
transport to an approvedtreatment, storage, or disposal facility
(TSDF).

Transport vehicles
Hazardous waste is generally transported bytruckover public
highways. Only a very small amount is transported by rail, and
almost none is moved by air or inland waterway.

The manifest system helps to eliminate the problem

of midnight dumping.

The types of solid waste.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)more commonly
known as trash or garbageconsists of everyday items
we use and then throw away.
Industrial Waste- Commercial and institutional, or
industrial, waste is often a significant portion of solid
waste, even in small cities and suburbs. In contrast to
most residential waste

Municipal Solid Waste Disposal

MSWreferstorecyclablesandcompostablematerials,aswellasgarbagefrom
homes,businesses,institutions,andconstructionanddemolitionsites.

Methods of Waste Disposal

Landfill is the most popularly used method of waste disposal used today.
Incineration/Combustion is a type disposal methodin which municipal
solid wastes are burned at high temperatures so as to convert theminto
residue and gaseous products.
Resource recovery is the selective extraction of disposed materials for
a specific next use.
Recyclingis the process of converting waste products into new products
to prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials.
Plasma gasification is a process which convertsorganic matterinto
synthetic gas,electricity, andslag usingplasma.

 Compostingis a easy and natural bio-degradation

process that takes organic wastes.
Example: remains of plants and garden and kitchen
waste and turns into nutrient rich food for your plants.
Waste to energy (WtE) is the process of generating
energy in the form ofelectricityand/orheatfrom the
incinerationofwaste.
Avoidance/Waste Minimization The most easier
methodof waste management is to reduce creation of
waste materials thereby reducing the amount of waste
going to landfills.

Managing solid waste

Any material that is discarded ,useless or unwanted is
considered as a waste
Waste management is the collection, transport ,
processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of
waste materials

 Source reduction, also known as waste prevention,

means reducing waste at the source.
Recyclingis a series of activities that includes the
collection of used, reused, or unused items that would
otherwise be considered waste.
Energy recoveryfrom waste is the conversion of nonrecyclable waste materials into useable heat, electricity,
or fuel through a variety of processes.
Landfillsare the most common form of waste disposal
and are an important component of an integrated waste
management system.

Radioactive wastes
Radioactive waste(or nuclear waste) is a material
deemed no longer useful that has been contaminated
by or contains radionuclides.

Classification of radioactive
waste

Low-level waste
Low-level waste-Usually it is buried in shallow landfill
sites.
Intermediate-level Waste-Contains higher amounts
of radioactivity and may require special shielding.
High-level Waste- It contains the highly-radioactive
fission products and some heavy elements with longlived radioactivity.

Managing Radioactive wastes

Initial treatment of waste
Long term management of waste

Above-ground disposal
Geologic disposal
Ocean floor disposal
Deep borehole disposal
Transmutation
Re-use of waste
Space disposal

National management plans