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STEAM CONDENSERS
Steam condenser is a device in which the exhaust steam from steam
turbine is condensed by means of cooling water.
Elements of Steam Condenser
A steam condensing plant or simply steam condenser consists of
1) Condenser chamber where steam gets condensed.
2) Cooling water supply which provides cold water to condense steam by
heat exchanging.
3) Wet Air pumps They collect condensed steam, the air and uncondensed water vapor and gases from condenser.
4) Hot well in which the condensed steam is collected and from it steam
boiler feed water may be taken if required.
* CONDENSERS
Types
Condensers may be classified broadly into two major groups according
to the manner in which the cooling water cools and condenses the
exhaust steam; these are :
... Jet condensers, in which cooling water comes in direct contact with
the exhaust steam and the steam as a result is condensed. The
condensing or cooling water is usually sprayed into the exhaust steam
so that rapid condensation of the steam occurs.
... Surface condensers, in which the cooling water and exhaust steam
do not actually mix; the cooling water passes through a number of
tubes while the exhaust steam passes over the outer surfaces of the
tubes.
Jet Condenser
Parallel flow jet condenser, in which exhaust steam
and water flow in the same direction; the steam and water
enter at the top and fall together to the bottom where the
mixture is removed by an extraction pump. The parallel flow
arrangement is generally best suited for turbine work where
the exhaust steam comes from the underside of the turbine.
Counter flow jet condenser, in which exhaust steam
and water flow in opposite directions; exhaust steam enters
at the bottom and flows upwards, while the water enters at
the top and flows downwards, the air pump is at the top.
C. Ejector Condenser
Surface Condensers
Surface condensers may be sub-divided into :
... Surface condenser in which exhaust steam passes over a
series of tubes through which the cooling water is flowing.
... The evaporative surface condenser in which exhaust steam
passes through a series of tubes and water is allowed to flow
in the form of thin film outside the tubes while air passes
upwards outside the tubes.
Measurement of vacuum
Air Pumps
The primary function of an air pump is to maintain vacuum in
the condenser, as nearly as possible by removing air from the
condenser. Another common but not essential function of the
air pump is to remove condensate together with the air from
the condenser. An air pump which removes both air and
condensate is called a wet air pump, while one which removes
the moist air only is called a dry air pump