Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PLANNI
NG
- DECISION
MAKING
Identification
of Problem
Evaluating
the Problem
??
Implementat
ion and
Follow up
Choosing the
appropriate
alternative
Searching for
solution
alternatives
Evaluating
the available
alternatives
DHONI
RATAN TATA
As a chairman decision to be
taken on long term process
(Identification
investments)
of Problem (Tata nano failure)
or Fielder )
failure)
spin ))
correct it)
( Alternative Bowler )
As a captain decision to be
taken on each over.
1. Identification of
Problem:
It is the first step in the process of decision
making. It involves identifying the problem for which
solution is to be made.
A well defined problem is half solved.
An organization may have several problems.
Each problem should be identified individually so
that a desired course of action can be followed.
TYPES OF
DECISIONS
Programmed
decisions:
Routine , almost automatic process.
Managers have made decision many times
before.
There are rules or guidelines to follow.
Example : Deciding to reorder office
supplies.
n Programmed decisions:
Un Usual Situations that have not been
often addressed.
No rules to follow since the decision is
new.
These decisions are made based on
information, and a managers intuition ,
and judgment.
Example : Buying new photo copier
machine
Strategic Decisions
Provides Direction to organization by establishing
Vision
Mission and
Long term goals
Tactical
Decisions
Decision taken in order to
implement and support strategic
decision.
Example : Arranging loans and docs to build
new office.
Tactical
Direction
Implementation
Strategy statement
Annual plan
Broad
Specific, detailed
Unstructured
Structured
Long-term
Short-term
Difficult to evaluate
Easy to evaluate
b) Uncertainty
c) Risk
CERTAINTY
DECISION
MAKERS
FACES
RISK
UNCERTAINTY
END
OF
DECISION
MAKING