Energy Meter

Presented by:

Aziz Ahmad Haider

Reg # 2011-EE-458

Contents:
What is an energy meter?
Why it is used?
What is the working Principle of the energy
meter?
Which Components are used in an energy
meter ?
What are the Advantages and disadvantages
of usual energy meters?
What is the Solution for the drawbacks of
commonly used energy meters?

Energy meter
An energy meter is a device that measures the
amount of electrical energy consumed by
a residence, business, or an electrically
powered device.

What is the energy?

Energy is the product of power and time for
which power is used i.e
Energy=powertime
Induction watt hour meter(Energy meter)
which are commonly used measure
electrical energy in KWH(killo watt-hour)

Components

Schematic Diagram

Working principle:
It involve four steps in its working
Driving force
Moving system
Breaking system
Registering system

Moving system
Energy meter has a moveable Aluminum disk
in it which is mounted on a vertical shaft.
The rotation of this disk is base of energy
measurement

Driving system

When a load is connected poles of potential and

the current coils produces their magnetic field
because of flow of current which produce
resultant flux .
This resultant flux develops eddy current inside
the disk.So that disk starts to rotate as
Current carrying conductor placed inside a
magnetic field will experience a force called
Lorenze force.

Operation

Breaking
Why Breaking is require?
When the disk start to rotate it is under a
torque and that torque is depend upon current
in coil so for a large load their will be very
high torque and speed of the Aluminum disk
is also very high which produce different
mechanical loses(e.g go to run away, disk
become frictionless) therefore we require a
retarding torque to prevent from these loses.
For this purpose permanent magnets are used
in energy meter across the disk.

Working of permanent magnets

Flux of the permanent magnets is cut because of
motion of Al-disk that produce additional eddy
current. This eddy current will develop its own
torque that is opposite to the driving torque.
And
Retarding torque produced by permanent magnets is
directly proportional to speed of the disk so that
High for heavy loads and less for small loads.

At what speed disk rotates?

Disk should rotate on a speed value where
Driving torque=retarding torque

Registering system
The amount of energy is being displayed by
using the mechanical counter which are in
couple with the shaft through a gear train.

How the mechanical counters

are coupled

Draw backs

Incorrect magnitude of fluxes,

Incorrect phase angles,
Changes in strength of brake magnet,
Changes in disc resistance,
Abnormal friction of moving parts

Solutions
To avoid disk resistance and abnormal
friction(appears with time) we have to
replace our meters after a specific time
duration for accurate reading.
For incorrect magnitudes of fluxes and
Phase angles we can use creep or low
load adjustment.

Another solution
Besides of replacing meters our adjust them
on low load we can use Smart Energy meters
Which are more accurate and also have long
life with no frictional loses.

Internal scheme of smart Energy

meters

Benefits of Smart Energy meter

Better Accuracy
Low Current Performance
Low voltage performance
Difficult to temper
Digital display