CCNP - CCIP

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Course Breakup

Frame-Relay & RIPv2

EIGRP, OSPF, Route Filtering & Redistribution
OSPF & BGP
MPLS & MPLS - VPN
Advanced Switching & Security
IOS Services & QOS
Multicasting & IPv6
100 Point Super Lab

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Section 2

BASIC SWITCHING

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Basic Switching
Contents
Simulating a logical topology with the physical topology
VLAN
VLAN Trunking
VTP
STP
Ether-channel

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Basic Switching
Virtual LANs (VLANs)
Virtual networking refers to the ability of switches and routers to
configure logical topologies on top of the physical network
infrastructure
Virtual LANs (VLANs) offer significant benefits in terms of
efficient use of bandwidth, flexibility, performance, and security
VLAN technology functions by logically segmenting the network
into different broadcast domains so that packets are only switched
between ports that are designated for the same VLAN

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Basic Switching
Trunking Overview
A trunk is a point-to-point link between one or more Ethernet switch
interfaces and another networking device such as a router or a
switch. Trunks carry the traffic of multiple VLANs over a single link.
Trunking encapsulations available on all Ethernet interfaces:
Inter-Switch Link (ISL)-ISL is Cisco-proprietary trunking encapsulation.
802.1Q802.1Q is industry-standard trunking encapsulation.

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Basic Switching
Default behavior of Switches
Both 3550 and 3560 are L3 switches, i.e. with basic L2 switching
functionality and L3 routing functionality
All interfaces by default are
3550 Dynamic desirable
3560 Dynamic auto

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Basic Switching
Native VLAN
If a packet is received on a dot1q link, that does not have VLAN
tagged, it is assumed that it belongs to native VLAN
If we change the native VLAN, then it has to match on both the
links
Mismatch native VLANs can result in STP loops

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Basic Switching
Understanding VTP
VTP is a Layer 2 protocol that maintains VLAN configuration
consistency by managing the addition, deletion, and renaming of
VLANs on a network-wide basis
VTP
minimizes
misconfigurations
and
configuration
inconsistencies that can cause several problems, such as
duplicate VLAN names, incorrect VLAN-type specifications, and
security violations
Before you create VLANs, you must decide whether to use VLAN
Trunking Protocol (VTP) to maintain global VLAN configuration for
your network

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Basic Switching
Understanding VTP (Contd)
There are three different modes of VTP
Server
Client
Transparent

VTP works only on trunk links.

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Basic Switching
VTP Operation and Modes
VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames
VTP servers and clients are synchronized to the latest revision
number
VTP advertisements are sent every 5 minutes or when there is a
change

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Basic Switching
VTP Pruning
Increases available bandwidth by reducing unnecessary flooded
traffic
Example: Station A sends broadcast, and broadcast is flooded
only toward any switch with ports assigned to the red VLAN

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Basic Switching
Version-dependant Transparent-mode
VTP Version 2 supports token ring.
In VTP Version 1, a VTP transparent switch inspects VTP
messages for the domain name and version and forwards
message only if the version and domain name matches.
In VTP Version 2, a VTP transparent switch will not inspect VTP
messages and forwards even it doesnt match.

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Basic Switching
Ether Channel
Used to aggregate bandwidth between multiple L2 / L3 interfaces
channel-group command under the interface
Port-channel is the logical instance of the physical interfaces
The two Ether-channel protocols
PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol)
LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)

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Basic Switching
Successful combination of etherchannel would be:
On On
Desirable Desirable
Desirable Auto
Active Active
Active Passive
Mode

Result

On

PAgP and LACP disabled (negotiation disable)

Auto

Passively listen for PAgP

Desirable

Actively negotiate PAgP

Passive

Passively listen for LACP

Active

Actively negotiate LACP

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Basic Switching
EtherChannel Modes
active Places an interface into an active negotiating state, in
which the interface starts negotiations with other interfaces by
sending LACP packets
auto Places an interface into a passive negotiating state, in which
the interface responds to PAgP packets it receives but does not
start PAgP packet negotiation. This setting minimizes the
transmission of PAgP packets
desirable Places an interface into an active negotiating state, in
which the interface starts negotiations with other interfaces by
sending PAgP packets

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Basic Switching
EtherChannel Modes
on Forces the interface into an EtherChannel without PAgP or
LACP. With the on mode, a usable EtherChannel exists only when
an interface group in the on mode is connected to another
interface group in the on mode
passive Places an interface into a passive negotiating state, in
which the interface responds to LACP packets that it receives, but
does not start LACP packet negotiation. This setting minimizes the
transmission of LACP packets

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Basic Switching
Layer 2 EtherChannels
This example shows how to assign Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 0/4
and 0/5 as static-access ports in VLAN 10 to channel 5 with the
PAgP mode desirable:
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# interface range gigabitethernet0/4 -5
Switch(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
Switch(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if-range)# channel-group 5 mode desirable

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Basic Switching
Layer 3 EtherChannel
Step1:Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# interface port-channel 5
Switch(config-if)# no switchport
Switch(config-if)# ip address 172.10.20.10 255.255.255.0
Step2:Switch(config)# interface range gigabitethernet0/1 -2
Switch(config-if-range)# no ip address
Switch(config-if-range)# no switchport
Switch(config-if-range)# channel-group 5 mode active

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Basic Switching
Layer 2&3 EtherChannel
You configure Layer 2 EtherChannels by configuring the Ethernet
interfaces with the channel-group interface configuration
command, which creates the port-channel logical interface
When configuring Layer 3 EtherChannels, you must manually
create the port-channel logical interface first by using the
interface port-channel global configuration and then put the
Ethernet interfaces into the port-channel

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Basic Switching
LACP EtherChannel
When enabled, LACP tries to configure the maximum number of
LACP-compatible ports in a channel, up to a maximum of 16 ports.
Only eight LACP links can be active at one time
PAGP support up to max 8 ports
You can configure the system priority for all the EtherChannels
that are enabled for LACP by using the lacp system-priority global
configuration command.
lacp system-priority priority (default priority is 32768)

The switch with the lower priority will decide the logical link

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Basic Switching
Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing
#port-channel load-balance {dst-ip | dst-mac | src-dst-ip | srcdst-mac | src-ip | src-mac
dst-ipLoad distribution is based on the destination-host IP address.
dst-macLoad distribution is based on the destination-host MAC
address of the incoming packet.
src-dst-ipLoad distribution is based on the source-and-destination
host-IP address.
src-dst-macLoad distribution is based on the source-anddestination host-MAC address.
src-ipLoad distribution is based on the source-host IP address.
src-macLoad distribution is based on the source-MAC address of
the incoming packet.

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THANK YOU

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