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Turbo Machine is
defined as a
extracts energy from
device that
a continuously
flowing fluid by the dynamic
action of one
or more rotating
elements .
Types of Turbines
1.
2.
3.
Steam Turbines
Gas Turbines (Combustion Turbines)
Water (Hydraulic) Turbines
Steam Turbines
Impulse Turbines
Laval Turbine)
(De
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VH
NOZZLE
PH
HIGH PRESSURE
STEAM
EXHAUST
STEAM
VL
PL
Velocity
Variation
Pressure
Variation
TURBINE
SHAFT
MOVING
BLADES
Nozzle
Rotor
Blades
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Reaction force:
force
is due to the change in
momentum relative velocity
of the steam while passing
over the blade passage.
Centrifugal force:
force
is the force acting on the
blade due to change in
radius of steam entering
and leaving the turbine.
Resultant force:
force
is the resultant of Reaction
force and Centrifugal force.
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Fixed Blade
Moving Blade
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Impulse Turbine
Reaction Turbine
Impulse Turbine
Reaction Turbine
Efficiency is lesser
Compounding is
necessary to reduce
speed
Efficiency is higher
Compounding is not
necessary
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Velocity compounding
Comprise of nozzles and two or more rows
of moving blades arranged in series. In
between two rows of moving blades, one
set of guide (fixed) blades are suitably
arranged.
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N Nozzle
M Moving Blade
F Fixed Blade
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Consists
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Pressure Compounding
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Pressure-Velocity Compounding
(Combined Impulse Turbine)
Total pressure drop is divided into two stages & the total
velocity obtained in each stage is also compounded
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Classification:
1.
2.
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Applications
Gas turbines are used in:
Electric power generation plants
Steel, oil and chemical industries
Aircrafts, Ship propulsion
Turbo jet and turbo-propeller engines like rockets,
missiles, space ships etc.,
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COMPRESSOR:
draws in air and compress it before it is fed
into combustion chamber
COMBUSTOR:
fuel is added to the compressed air and
burnt to produce high velocity exhaust gas
TURBINE:
extracts energy from exhaust gas
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Closed cycle
Higher
No loss of working
fluid
Bigger in size
Big compressor is needed
Smaller
Smaller one is
sufficient
Economical
Exhaust gases from turbine exit to
atmosphere
Not economical
Fed back into the
cycle
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Pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical
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Hospitals
Hospitals
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Pulp
Pulp and
and Paper
Paper
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Classification of Water
Turbines
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Pelton Turbine
(Pelton Wheel or Free Jet Turbine)
High head, tangential flow, horizontal shaft,
impulse turbine
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PELTON TURBINE
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Francis Turbine
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FRANCIS TURBINE
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Francis Runner,
Grand Coulee Dam
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Kaplan Turbine
Axial flow, low head.
Similar to Francis turbine except the runner and draft
tube.
The runner (Boss or Hub)
Hub resembles with the
propeller of the ship, hence some times it is called
as Propeller turbine.
turbine
Water flows parallel to the axis of the shaft.
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(GUIDE VANE)
(RUNNER VANE)
(SCROLL CASING)
KAPLAN TURBINE
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(Courtesy: VERBUND-Austrian
Hydro Power)
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