GENERAL PRESENTATION

LECTURER: MISS MAHIP SANDHU

STUDENT: SRIKANT PODDAR
Semester: 1st 2009

Introduction
The history of VR
Types of VR
Technologies of VR
Architecture of VR system
Applications of VR
Current problems & Future work
Summary
Reference
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 We want

to understand how to do:

Interactive Computer Graphics

C o m p u t e r G r a p h ic s

G r a p h ic s D e s ig n

A dobe
P h o to s h o p

3 D G r a p h ic s

W e b D e s ig n

R e a l- T im e

A p p lic a t io n s

V id e o G a m e s

N o n R e a l- T im e

R e s e a rc h

D a ta
V is u a liz a t io n

F lig h t
S im u la t o r s

S c ie n t ific
V is u a liz a t io n

V ir t u a l
R e a lit y

TV
Logos
M o v ie
S p e c ia l E ffe c t s

A n im a t io n

Virtual Reality Definition

What

is virtual reality?

Virtual
Being in essence or effect, but not in fact
Reality
The state or quality of being real. Something that
exists independently of ideas concerning it.
Something that constitutes a real or actual thing as
distinguished from something that is merely
apparent.

Introduction

What is Virtual Reality(VR)?

Virtual Reality refers to a high-end user
interface that involves real-time
simulation and interactions through
multiple sensorial channels.

.
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Introduction
(Contd)

Why VR?
VR is able to immerse you in a
computer-generated world of your own
making: a room, a city, the interior of
human body. With VR, you can explore
any uncharted territory of the human
imagination.
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Ivan Sutherlands
The Ultimate Display
Dont think of that thing as a
screen, think of it as a window, a
window through which one
looks into a virtual world. The
challenge to computer graphics
is to make that virtual world
look real, sound real, move and
respond to interaction in real
time, and even feel real.

Brief History

In 1950s, flight simulators were built by US Air

Force to train student pilots.
In 1965, a research program for computer
graphics called The Ultimate Display was
laid out.
In 1988, commercial development of VR
began.
In 1991, first commercial entertainment VR
system "Virtuality" was released.
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Year

Person(s) Responsible

Why it was important

1965

Ivan Sutherland

The beginnings of VR

1977

Dan Sandin, Richard Sayre and Thomas

Defanti

Interaction through body movement

1982

Bonnie MacBird (Writer)

The first computer- generated movie

1983

Myron Krueger

First virtual environment

1984

William Gibson (His assistant)

The term 'Cyberspace'

1987

Michael Piller (Writer)

The Holodeck, idea of immersive VR

1992

Stephen King (Official Website)

A look at the possible negative side of VR

1995

Silicon Graphics

Virtual Reality Modeling Language

1999

Larry and Andy Wachowski

Virtual Reality movie grosses $750M worldwide

What was the first VR?

Key Elements of Virtual Reality

Experience

Virtual World - content of a given medium

screen play, script, etc.
actors performing the play allows us to

experience the virtual world

Immersion sensation of being in an

environment
mental immersion suspension of disbelief
physical immersion bodily entering the

medium
Related to presence (mentally immersed) the
participants sensation of being in the virtual
environment (Slater)

Walking Experimen
UNC Chapel Hill

Virtual Reality (VR)

A. Virtual Environment:
vision + audition + (olfaction, temperature, tactile, vestibular...)
B. Reality Motion (virtual manipulate)
role play, motion capture
feedback virtual environment
Types:
Open VR
Close VR
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Motion Capture
VICON
Motion

Capture Data
+ 3D Model

+
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Open VR

ex:

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Close VR

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Types of VR System

Windows on World(WoW)
Also called Desktop VR.
Using a conventional computer monitor to

display the 3D virtual world.

Immersive VR
Completely immerse the user's personal viewpoint inside
the virtual 3D world.
The user has no visual contact with the physical word.
Often equipped with a Head Mounted Display (HMD).

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Immersive Technology
Multi-screen

Projection of
stereoscopic images (CAVE)

Immersive Technology
Single

large
stereoscopic display
Projection-based
Head-tracked
Possible tracking of

hands and arms.

Brings virtual objects
into the physical world

Types of VR System(Contd)

Telepresence
A variation of visualizing complete computer

generated worlds.
Links remote sensors in the real world with the senses of
a human operator. The remote sensors might be located
on a robot. Useful for performing operations in dangerous
environments.

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Types of VR System(Contd)

Mixed Reality(Augmented Reality)

The seamless merging of real space and virtual space.
Integrate the computer-generated virtual objects into the

physical world which become in a sense an equal part of

our natural environment.

Distributed VR
A simulated world runs on several computers which are

connected over network and the people are able to

interact in real time, sharing the same virtual world.
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VR Examples (Contd)

Telepresence VR

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VR Examples (Contd)

Augmented VR

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Augmented Reality
A combination

of a real
scene viewed by a user
and a virtual scene
generated by a computer
that augments the scene
with additional
information.

All Virtual Objects

Ultrasound Visualization Research

UNC Chapel Hill
All Real Objects

VR Examples (Contd)

Distributed VR

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Technologies of VR--Hardware

Head-Mounted Display (HMD)

A Helmet or a face mask providing the visual and auditory

displays.
Use LCD or CRT to display stereo images.
May include built-in head-tracker and stereo headphones

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Devices
Head Mounted Displays
(HMD):
was the first device
providing its wearer with
an immersive experience.
Evans and Sutherland
demonstrated a headmounted stereo display
already in 1965.

Technologies of VR--Hardware

Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor (BOOM)

Head-coupled stereoscopic display device.

Uses CRT to provide high-resolution display.
Convenient to use.
Fast and accurate built-in tracking.

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Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor (BOOM)

BOOM is a head coupled
stereoscopic display
device. Screens and optical
system are housed in a box
that is attached to a multilink arm.

Technologies of VR--Hardware

Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE)

Provides the illusion of immersion by projecting stereo

images on the walls and floor of a room-sized cube.

A head tracking system continuously adjust the stereo
projection to the current position of the leading viewer.

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Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE)

A room with projections on

all walls, floor and ceiling
The users wear shutter glasses
to get a 3D view of the world.
The users are able to move
and control the environment
with some kind of input
mechanism
Camera
Device in hand

Technologies of VR--Hardware

Data Glove
Outfitted with sensors on the fingers as well as an overall

position/orientation tracking equipment.

Enables natural interaction with virtual objects by hand gesture
recognition.

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Technologies of VR--Hardware

Control Devices
Control virtual objects in 3 dimensions.

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Technologies of VR--Software

Toolkits
Programming libraries.
Provide function libraries (C & C++).

Authoring systems
Complete programs with graphical interfaces for creating

worlds without resorting to detailed programming.

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Technologies of VR--Software

Software packages available in market

Multiverse (Freeware)
Virtual Reality Studio ($100)
Sense8 World Tool Kit (WTK) (over $1000)
Autodesk Cyberspace Development kit (over $1000)

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Technologies of VR--Software

VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)

Standard language for interactive simulation

within the World Wide Web.
Allows to create "virtual worlds" networked via
the Internet and hyperlinked with the World
Wide Web.
Aspects of virtual world display, interaction and
internetworking can be specified using VRML
without being dependent on special gear like
HMD.
VR models can be viewed by Netscape or IE with a
browser plug-in.
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Virtual reality Modeling Language (VRML)

Most exciting is the ongoing development
of VRML on the World Wide Web. In
addition to HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language), that has become a standard
authoring tool for the creation of home
pages, VRML provides three-dimensional
worlds with integrated hyperlinks on the
Web. Home pages become home spaces.

Characteristics Of VRML

Not a programming language like c++ or java

Descriptive (rather than procedural) like HTML

File formats contains human readable and editable ASCII

text

Architecture of VR System

Input Processor, Simulation Processor,

Rendering Processor and World
Database.
visual,
auditory,
haptic,
touch

Position &
Orientation

Input
Processor

Rendering
Processor

Simulation
Processor

World Database

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Components of VR System (Contd)

Input Processor
Control the devices used to input

information to the computer. The object is

to get the coordinate data to the rest of the
system with minimal lag time.
Keyboard, mouse, 3D position trackers, a
voice recognition system, etc.

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Components of VR System (Contd)

Simulation Processor
Core of a VR system.
Takes the user inputs along with any tasks
programmed into the world and determine
the actions that will take place in the virtual
world.

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Components of VR System (Contd)

Rendering Processor
Create the sensations that are output to
the user.
Separate rendering processes are used for
visual, auditory, haptic and other sensory
systems. Each renderer take a description
of the world stat from the simulation
process or derive it directly from the World
Database for each time step.
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Components of VR System (Contd)

World Database (World Description

Files)
Store the objects that inhabit the world,
scripts that describe actions of those
objects.

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Applications
Architecture
Training
Medicine
Engineering

and Design
E-Commerce
Entertainment
Manufacturing

Architecture
An area in which virtual reality has
tremendous potential is in architectural
design. Already being created are
architectural "walk-throughs" that allow
designers and clients to examine homes and
office buildings, inside and out, before
they're built. With virtual reality, designers
can interactively test a building before
construction begins.

And Architects love it!

Wait till you
Walk
through!
www.ozedweb.com

Medicine
researchers are using virtual reality technology to create
3-D ultrasound images to help doctors diagnose and treat
congenital heart defects in children
The medical application of VR was stimulated initially
by the need of medical staff to visualise complex
medical data, particularly during surgery and for surgery
planning, and for medical education and training.

Training

United States: The military used it as flight simulators to

train pilots.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

use VR technology to construct a model of the Hubble
Space Telescope (HST) .in September, 1993,
approximately 100 members of the NASA HST flight
team received over 200 hours of training using the VR...

Umm...
Is it as
easy as it
looks?
www.ozedweb.com

Anything else?
How about
learning to
hang-glide?

www.ozedweb.com

Applications

Entertainment
More vivid
Move exciting
More attractive

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Applications (Contd)

Medicine

Practice performing surgery.

Perform surgery on a remote patient.
Teach new skills in a safe, controlled environment.

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Applications (Contd)

Manufacturing
Easy to modify
Low cost
High efficient

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Applications (Contd)

Education & Training

Driving simulators.
Flight simulators.
Ship simulators.
Tank simulators.

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Current problems & Future work

Cybersickness / simulator sickness

Low-fidelity
Expensive
Lack of integration between application packages
High-fidelity system
Cost-saving
Collaborative
High-level contact between participants in distributed
VR
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Summary

Visualization of complicated, large data is

helpful for understanding and analysis.
VR offers us a new way to interact with
computer.
VR enables us to experience the virtual world
that is impossible in real world.
VR is changing our life, eventually VR will
increasingly become a part of our life.
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Future
1999

10% of the world's computing power was non-human

2029

99% of the worlds computing capacity will be non-human

In the past, computing power has doubled

approximately every 18 months, a trend that is
known as Moores Law. If this is the case then we
should have a computer powerful enough to run
immersive VR programs in our own homes by the
year 2037.

Reference

[1] What is Virtual Reality?,

http://vr.isdale.com/WhatIsVR/frames/WhatIsVR4.1.html.
[2] Augumented and Mixed Reality,
http://www.mic.atr.co.jp/~poup/research/ar/.
[3] Virtual Reality Applications, http://vresources.jumpgate.com/applications/applications.shtml.
[4] K.-P. Beier. Virtual Reality: A short Introduction.
http://www-vrl.umich.edu/intro/
[5] Franchi,J. Vertual Reality: An Overview. ERIC Digest,
June 1995
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The End of the Beginning

VR is in its early stages, but is used
commercially, globally. There are
61,400 international commercial companies
producing VR.
While VR is at an early stage, it is used
educationally throughout the world.
There are approximately 3,600
educational institutions which use VR.

www.ozedweb.com

Comments & Questions?

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TanQ