Writing 340 Presentation

ght Emergency in California: History
es, Regulations, and Solutions
Codi Chambers
Cyrus Jia
Nathan Phung
Manarbek Toleu
Liwei Xu
Jenny Yoshihara
Writing 340
University of Southern
California
4/17/15
This presentation focuses on causes,

history, current state, regulations, and
solutions for the drought emergency
Drought
Defined

Drought
Defined
History to current

Drought
Defined
History to current
Government policy

Drought
Defined
Government policy
History to current
Technology
A drought is an insufficient amount of

water, caused by several factors, in relation
to the amount of water needed
Source: http://literaryyard.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/rainfall.jpg
Meteorological
Drought
Source: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2011/6/10/1307708282662/Drought-in-UK--River-Derw-008.jpg
Hydrological Drought
A drought is an insufficient amount of

water, caused by several factors, in relation
to the amount of water needed
Source: http://literaryyard.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/rainfall.jpg
Meteorological
Drought
Source: http://blog.ucsusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Kansas-Drought-Corn.jpg
Agricultural Drought
Source: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2011/6/10/1307708282662/Drought-in-UK--River-Derw-008.jpg
Hydrological Drought
Source: http://en.es-static.us/upl/2011/11/drought_africa_oxfam_500.jpg
Socioeconomic
Several factors effect drought occurrence

and severity
Dry
Condition
s in US
Climate
Fluctuatio
ns
Source: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/lanina.gif
La Nia Conditions
Several factors effect drought occurrence

and severity
Dry
Condition
s in US
Climate
Fluctuatio
ns
La Nia Conditions
Decreased
Evaporation
Decreased Rainfall
Low
Snowfall
Source: http://www.featurepics.com/FI/Thumb300/20111006/Dry-Soil-2016715.jpg
Dry Soil
9
California is currently experiencing

extremely low precipitation and highest
temperature recordings
10
California is currently experiencing

extremely low precipitation and highest
temperature recordings
11
Global warming is not causing droughts but

it is causing longer and more severe
droughts once they occur
Dry
Condition
s in US
Climate
Fluctuatio
ns
La Nia Conditions
Decreased
Evaporation
Decreased Rainfall
Low
Snowfall
Source: http://www.featurepics.com/FI/Thumb300/20111006/Dry-Soil-2016715.jpg
Dry Soil
12
California Water Management has gone

through four eras
Laissezfaire Era
http://images.frompo.com/be41f90ad
e32d03d9a7076ffa4367ff4
Local
Organization
Era
http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/20
08/world/north-america/going-throughwithdrawals-why-less-could-soon-bemore-for-farmers-in-california/
The
Hydraulic
Era
http://water.usgs.gov/owq/topics/hydraulic-fracturing/
The
Conflict Era
13
http://www.lintherapy.com/5-steps-to-conflict-
The Central Valley Project was created

during The Hydraulic Era due to the Dust
Bowl droughts
Lost of
wetland in
Central Valley
http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_211EHChapter1R.pdf
14
Later droughts resulted in the State Water

Project to complement Central Valley
Project
State Water Project

alleviates the water
problems in Southern
California
http://readwrite.com/2013/04/30/5-ways-to-protect-your-public-internet-use
15
Problems from the Hydraulic Era Lead to

the current Conflict Era
Resolutions to
drought create
more drought
conditions
http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_211EHChapter1R.pdf
16
Decline of fish due

to export of water
by the SWP and
CVP
Californias current drought is caused by a blocking

ridge, named the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge
Source: http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-californiadrought/
Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. declared a State

of Emergency on January 17, 2014
Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-07-31/california-s-exceptional-drought-spreadsnorth-as-water-supplies-drop.html
Californias water comes from three sources: mountain

snowpack, reservoirs, and underground aquifers
Source: http://cserc.org/blog/2012/05/08/weall-live-in-a-watershed-so-what/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shasta_Dam
2014 was Californias driest year since the

1800s, when the records started
Source: http://www.climatecentral.org/news/california-snowpack-obliterates-record-low-18847

Source:
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/vie
w.php?id=85632

Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=85632
Drilling for wells has increased as Californians

search for water
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?
id=85199
Governor Edmund Brown Jr. issued an executive order on April

1, 2015 in hopes of reducing Californias water usage by 25
percent
Souce: caloesnewsroom.wordpress.com
The Save Water division of the executive order focuses on

the different proposals that the board has created to help
conserve water
The Department of Water Resources plans on replacing 50 million square feet

of lawns with land that is much more suitable for drier environments
The Water Board has thought of ways to increase the

enforcement of these proposed regulations through monthly
reports and fines
Souce:
sacbee.com
Souce: foxnews.com
The government has plans on investing in new technology that

will hopefully either help conserve water or create more usable
water
Souce: sfgate.com
Streamline government response will also allow higher priority

and faster approval rates for emergency water-saving projects
Source:
america.aliazeera.com
The delta smelt has been at the center of debates regarding the
conservation and diversion of freshwater in northern California
Source: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/04/150403-smelt-california-bay-delta-extinction-endangered-species-
The Save the Drop campaign, initiated by Los Angeles Mayor

Eric Garcetti, focuses on educating the people of Los Angeles on
how people can take advantage of the new executive order
Souce: abc7.com
On a normal year, 30% of Californias water supply comes from

groundwater. During drying years, this number shoots up to
60%.
http://www.lao.ca.gov/1999/090899_water_transfers/090899_water
_transfers.html
When drilling into the ground, it is important to note the

permeability of the ground material at various depths.
http://amiadini.com/NewsletterArchive/110128NL143/envEnl-143_files/envEnl143_clip_image004.jpg
Water is drawn from confined and unconfined aquifers.
Groundwater drilling is becoming increasingly more necessary at

greater depths due to rain shortage.
Left: http://ucanr.edu/blogs/anrnews/blogfiles/21422_original.jpg
Right: http://www.geibwell.com/images/services/drilling.jpg
Rain Water Harvesting process of

collecting, conveying and storing water
from rainfall in an area
http://www.cwpc.co.uk/rainwater_harvesting.htm
One popular method of collecting rainwater

is using large barrels to capture the water
The runoff water from rooftops or other catchments

can be channelized into and existing well via sand
filter
A desalinization plant can be used to turn

the ocean water into water that is fit for
human consumption and usage
75% of the Earths
surface
is covered by water
97.5% of that water is
oceans
Only 1% is available for
drinking
Water desalination is a process of reverse

osmosis
Remove
suspended
solids that
would interfere
with the
process
Membranes
separate
dissolved
minerals
Minerals are
added
To ensure it
meets health
Thermal Desalination Processes
Process uses boiling chambers kept

at different atmospheric pressures
Saltwater enters the system and is
boiled and evaporated in each
chamber
Process produces clean water and
brine
Large-scale desalination efforts require a

lot of energy to operate and often are highmaintenance affairs
97% of the worlds

water is salty
11.1 million gallons

of fresh water daily.
Jenny Concluding slide

Writing 340 Presentation

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ght Emergency in California: History

es, Regulations, and Solutions

This presentation focuses on causes,

This presentation focuses on causes,

This presentation focuses on causes,

This presentation focuses on causes,

A drought is an insufficient amount of

A drought is an insufficient amount of

Several factors effect drought occurrence

Several factors effect drought occurrence

California is currently experiencing

California is currently experiencing

Global warming is not causing droughts but

California Water Management has gone

The Central Valley Project was created

Later droughts resulted in the State Water

State Water Project

Problems from the Hydraulic Era Lead to

Decline of fish due

Californias current drought is caused by a blocking

Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. declared a State

Californias water comes from three sources: mountain

2014 was Californias driest year since the

2014 was Californias driest year since the

2014 was Californias driest year since the

Drilling for wells has increased as Californians

Governor Edmund Brown Jr. issued an executive order on April

The Save Water division of the executive order focuses on

The Department of Water Resources plans on replacing 50 million square feet

The Water Board has thought of ways to increase the

The government has plans on investing in new technology that

Streamline government response will also allow higher priority

The Save the Drop campaign, initiated by Los Angeles Mayor

On a normal year, 30% of Californias water supply comes from

When drilling into the ground, it is important to note the

Water is drawn from confined and unconfined aquifers.

Groundwater drilling is becoming increasingly more necessary at

Rain Water Harvesting process of

One popular method of collecting rainwater

The runoff water from rooftops or other catchments

A desalinization plant can be used to turn

Water desalination is a process of reverse

Thermal Desalination Processes

Process uses boiling chambers kept

Large-scale desalination efforts require a

97% of the worlds

11.1 million gallons

Jenny Concluding slide

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