Amraz-e- Qalb

by:
Dr. M.S.M. Shiffa
BUMS (Hons)
Physiology of the heart according
to Unani
• The function of the Qalb is to generate the
Rooh-e-Haivani and distribute to all organs.
• The generation of Rooh-e-Haivani-
The heart is warming and rarefying the khoon,
which then combines with the air present in the
lungs. This combined mixture is then converted
into Rooh-e-Haivani
Modern Anatomy & Physiology of
the Heart
• Right Coronary
• Left Anterior Descending
• Left Circumflex
• Superior Vena Cava
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Aorta
• Pulmonary Artery
• Pulmonary Vein
• Right Atrium
• Right Ventricle
• Left Atrium
• Left Ventricle
• Papillary Muscles
• Chordae Tendineae
• Tricuspid Valve
• Mitral Valve
• Pulmonary Valve
Aortic Valve (Not pictured)
• The essential function of the heart is to
pump blood to various parts of the body.
• The human heart has four chambers: right
and left atria and right and left ventricles.
• The two atria act as collecting reservoirs for
blood returning to the heart while the two
ventricles act as pumps to eject the blood to
the body. As in any pumping system, the
heart comes complete with valves to prevent
the back flow of blood.
• Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via
the major veins (superior and inferior vena
cava), enters the right atrium, passes into
the right ventricle, and from there is ejected
to the pulmonary artery on the way to the
lungs.
• Oxygenated blood returning from the lungs
enters the left atrium via the pulmonary
veins, passes into the left ventricle, and is
then ejected to the aorta.
• The large valve in the foreground is the tricuspid valve that
prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right
atrium. The small round valve is the pulmonary valve,
where the pulmonary artery comes out of the right
ventricle

• The mitral valve prevents the backflow of blood from the

left ventricle to the left atrium. Behind the mitral valve, you
can see the aortic valve, where the aorta comes out of the
left ventricle. In the background, the tricuspid valve can be
seen.

• The inner edge of the tricuspid and the mitral valves end in
filamentous connective tissue (chordae tendineae). These
are attached to small columns of muscle (papillary
muscles) arising out of the inner surface of the ventricles.
As the pressure builds in the ventricles, the valves snap
shut, and the papillary muscles prevent the valves from
blowing into the atrium and opening.
 Pumping Action of the Heart
• The pumping action starts with the simultaneous
contraction of the two atria. This gives an added push to
get the blood into the ventricles at the end of the slow-
filling pumping cycle called "diastole“.
• Shortly after that, the ventricles contract, (beginning
of "systole“). The aortic and pulmonary valves open and
blood is forcibly ejected from the ventricles, while the
mitral and tricuspid valves close to prevent backflow.
• At the same time, the atria start to fill with blood
again. After a while, the ventricles relax, the aortic and
pulmonary valves close, and the mitral and tricuspid
valves open and the ventricles start to fill with blood
again, marking the end of systole and the beginning of
diastole.
• The left ventricle generates a much higher pressure
than does the right ventricle even though same blood
volume of blood ejected from both ventricles.
 The heart's electrical system:
• The heart is a pump made up of muscle
tissue. The heart requires a source of
energy in order to function. The heart's
energ comes from an intrinsic electrical
conduction system.
 How does the heart beat?
• An electrical stimulus is generated by the sinus
node, which is a small mass of specialized
tissue located in the right atrium. The sinus
node generates an electrical stimulus
periodically (60-100 times per minute under
normal conditions).
• This electrical stimulus travels down through
the conduction pathways and causes the
heart's lower chambers to contract and pump
out blood.
• The right and left atria are stimulated first and
contract a short period of time before the right
and left ventricles.
• The electrical impulse travels from the sinus node to
the atrioventricular (AV) node, where impulses are
slowed down for a very short period, then continues
down the conduction pathway via the bundle of His
into the ventricles. The bundle of His divides into right
and left pathways to provide electrical stimulation to
both ventricles.
• Normally, as the electrical impulse moves through the
heart, the heart contracts about 60 to 100 times a
minute. Each contraction of the ventricles represents
one heartbeat. The atria contract a fraction of a
second before the ventricles so their blood empties
into the ventricles before the ventricles contract.
• Any dysfunction in the heart's electrical conduction
system can make the heartbeat too fast, too slow, or
at an uneven rate, thus, causing an arrhythmia.
 The condition and State of the
heart is identified by following
factors
• Pulse
• Respiration
• Shape of the chest
• General condition of the body
• General feeling of the body
• Hair growth on the chest
• Thoughts and Hallucinations
 Alamath
according to Avicenna
• Weakness
• Disinterested
• Emaciation without any significant causes
• Palpitation
• Ghasi (Syncope)
 General principals
of the treatment
• Heart is a vital & important organ
therefore there should not any negligence and
error in its treatment,
any error can lead to complications
• Treatment should be started as soon as the
disease is diagnsed
• During the treatment, if evacuation of mada is
needed, do not use strong drugs (to protect
Quwa of the Qalb)
• If there is a fear of weakness of Quwa-
give medicine which will produce
hararath-e-ghareezi and prevent
weakness of the heart
• Precaution is necessary not only in the
fasd but also other forms of