INDUCTORS

Moving current in a conductor can produce magnetic field

Electrons in motion have an associated magnetic field

Moving magnetic field produces an electric field

Such effects are called as electromagnetic effects

Electromagnetic effects found in electronic components

such as
Inductors
Transformers

INDUCTOR
Inductor (coil) is an electromagnetic device
consisting of a conductor wound in cylindrical or spiral
form to obtain concentrated field parallel to the axis of the
coil

L
Symbol
Indicated by the letter L

SPIRAL FORM

Units : Henry

PROPERTY OF INDUCTOR
INDUCTANCE (OR) SELF-INDUCTANCE
It is defined as the ability of a coil to induce an e.m.f
in itself due to change in current
(or)
Ability of an inductor which opposes the change in
current
(or)
Ability of a conductor to induce voltage in itself
when the current changes

INDUCED VOLTAGE

The self induced voltage VL across an inductor is

given by
VL = - L.di / dt
VL = induced voltage in volts
L = inductance in Henrys
di / dt = rate of change of current in
amperes per second
Minus sign indicates the polarity
of induced voltage which opposes
the change in current

MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
It is the ability of varying current in one inductor (L1)
induce voltage in another inductor (L2) near by

Mathematically expressed as LM = K SQRT(L1L2)

where K is co-efficient of coupling between two inductors
K is defined as degree of magnetic coupling

FACTORS AFFECTING THE INDUCTANCE OF AN INDUCTOR

l

Length of a coil

Area of cross-section of a coil

A
N

Number of turns

L = r (( N2.A ) / l ) x 1.2 x 10-6 H

where r is the relative permeability
L Length in mts
N Number of turns
A Area of cross section in m2

TYPES OF INDUCTORS
According to core material

Air core
Ceramic core
Plastic core

Non-magnetic core materials

Glass core

Cobalt
Nickel alloy
Iron core

Magnetic materials

AIR CORE INDUCTOR

IRON CORE INDUCTOR

According to operating frequency

Audio frequency inductors

Radio frequency inductors

At these frequencies iron

At these frequencies air

core inductors are used

core inductors are used

Inductance varies from 1

Inductance varies from

to 25Henries

milli Henries
Henries

to micro

According to method of winding

Single layer
Multi layer
Honey comb
Pi - section
Universal winding
Single layer and universal windings are
mostly used

SYMBOLS

AIR CORE INDUCTOR

VARIABLE INDUCTOR

IRON CORE INDUCTOR FERRITE CORE INDUCTOR

VARIABLE IRON
CORE INDUCTOR

TRIMMER INDUCTOR

VARIABLE FERRITE
CORE INDUCTOR

DIFFERENT INDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS
In analog circuits and signal processing
Inductors in conjunction with capacitors and other components form tuned
circuits which can emphasize or filter out specific signal frequencies.
Smaller inductor/capacitor combinations provide tuned circuits used in
radio reception and broadcasting, for instance.
An inductor is used as the energy storage device in some switched-mode
power supplies
Inductors are also employed in electrical transmission systems, where they
are used to depress voltages from lightning strikes and to limit switching
currents and fault current

INDUCTORS ON BOARD