CRANE SAFETY

SAFETY DEVICES IN CRANE

Over Hoist Limit switch

Boom Limit Switch

Hook Latch

Angle Plate
Pointer

LIFTING DATAS REQD.

Dim.

of the equipment - Height /

length, dia
Wt. of the equipment - Erection
wt.
Wt. of the equip.+lifting tackles
+hook block + wire rope under the
boom tip + fly jib and the hook
block attached to it.
Radius at which the equipment is
to be lifted.
Elevation to which the equipment
should be lifted.
Whether the crane is to be
moved with the load.
Counter wt. required.
Centrifugal & wind force
Specific requirements if any.

LIFTING DATAS REQD.

Head room
Clearance between the
boom & equip.

Soil Bearing Strength

Lifting tackles SWL
Equip. base matches with
foundation
Approach for the crane

Lifting Operations
Possible causes for failure while lifting
Poor machine condition
Machine configuration not to specification
Eccentric reeving
Improper use of outriggers
Soft footing
Crane not in level
Side loading
Increase of load radius
Rapid swing rate
Impact loading - rapid acceleration/deceleration
Duty cycle operations
High wind speeds

Tippin
g Axis

STABILITY OF CRANE

Mobile Cranes
Importance of
Outriggers

a) Tipping load when outriggers

are to their full extension
Weight of crane =35MT. Weight of boom
=2MT.
B = Boom CG - 7.5mts.
C = 2mts. - crane CG to tipping fulcrum
L = 4mts. distance from load to tipping
fulcrum

Stability relationship of above:

a)Load x L + Boom weight x B = Crane
weight x C
Tipping load= (35 x2-2 x 7.5) / 4 = 13.75
MT
b)Tipping load when outriggers are
0.5mts. short of their full extension
C = 1.5 = 2.0 - 1.5;B = 8.0 = 7.5 + 0.5
L = 4.5 = 4.0 + 0.5
Tip. load = (35 x 1.5 - 2 x 8) / 4.5 = 8.1
MT

41% reduction of
tipping load

Unsafe Practices

Non-Use of Hook Latch

Remedial Measures

Use Hook latch to avoid

slings from getting
removed from hook

ABSENSE OF BOOM LIMIT SWITCH

No Boom Limit Switch
Over Hoist
Limit
switch

Boom Limit Switch

Hook Latch

Angle Plate
Pointer

Rapid
swinging
causes load to
drift out increasing
radius and
load on the
crane

Failure to support the

boom/jib during erection or
dismantling can cause collapse
with inevitable human injury.

Working Near Overhead Lines

Rated Voltage
kV Ph To Ph rms
>6.6 kV
>6.6 KV
>11 KV
>22 KV
>33 KV
>66 KV

<=11KV
<=22 KV
<=33 KV
<=66 KV
<=132 KV

>132 KV <=245 KV
>245 KV <=400 KV

Minimum safe clearance

METRE
2.57
2.59
2.64
2.75
3.00
3.43

FEET
8.50
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.75
11.25

4.57
5.48

15.00
18.00

Working Near Overhead Lines

A 600 mm wide
clearance must be
provided whenever
practicable between
travelling and slewing
cranes and any fixture
(e.g. adjacent buildings,
guardrails, access, etc.).
If the clearance is not
practicable, then access
should be barred off

Procedures to Follow If Contact

Occurs

The crane operator should remain inside the cab.

All other personnel should keep away from the crane,
ropes, and load, since the ground around the machine
might be energized.
The crane operator should try to remove the crane from
contact by moving it in the reverse direction from that
which caused the contact.
If the crane cannot be moved away from contact, the
operator should remain inside cab until the lines have
been de-energized.

Procedures to Follow If Contact

Occurs
If the crane operator must leave the
equipment because of a more immediate
hazard, then this person must jump clear
from the equipment and shuffle their feet in
small steps.
Secure the area and do not let anyone
except emergency rescue personnel go near
the energized equipment.

The operator was asked by the rigger

foreman to lower the cradle to enable
them to take tea as the person above
wanted to come down during tea time.

The Longitudinal Beam

The crane boom was hoisted beyond safe

operating limit causing the boom to fray
and collapse backwards along with the two
persons in the cradle and caused severe
injuries.

ABSENCE OF OVER HOIST LIMIT SWITCH

No Limit Switch

Limit Switch

TYRE PRESSURE OF TRUCK MOUNTED CRANE

Inadequate Tyre
pressure causes
crane unstable