FORUM ROMANUM

TORY OF ROME

st built as a society of warriors and warrior clans.

lt by the legendry son of Mars – Romulus.
lt up on the Greek principle of democracy
mans derived a major part of their culture, religion, economic and
itical sciences from Greece
mans derived the principle of democracy from the then flourishing demo
eek city states

SIONS OF THE ROMAN SOCIETY-

plebeians: these were the common people practicing various trades and
erally regarded as a lower class in the roman society
atricians: these were the ruling and warrior class of the society
REQUIREMENTS OF DEMOCRACY:

Communication between plebeians and patricians

Exchange of thoughts, ideas
Propaganda during election times
A place where the general public would freely discuss their
views close to the seat of government (due to the lack of
advance communication systems during this times)
ABOUT FORUM:

The Roman Forum is composed of political buildings and

temples dedicated to the pagan gods, and the area is
controlled by political authority.
Because the Roman Forum was originally used as the seat of
the government, politics have a strong influence over the
people and the buildings present.

 The Roman Forum represents examples where a citizen’s

behaviour is controlled and influenced by the dominant
architecture present in the community center.

 Located in the valley between the Palatine Hill and the

Capitoline Hill, the Roman Forum was the administrative,
legislative and legal center of the city of Rome

As the Forum grew, many legislative buildings such as

basilicas, temples, and arches were constructed on the area of
the Forum and took architectural shape as independent
buildings grouped around the open space of the
MAP OF FORUM
TYPES OF BUILDINGS IN THE FORUM:

 Temples
 Basilicas
 Arches

 Others:
Regia
Rostra
Curia Julia
Tabularium
Umbilicus Urbi
Lapis Niger
Atrium Vestae
Column of Phocus
A processional street
 Temples

 Temple of Castor and Pollux

 Temple of Romulus
 temple of Saturn
 Temple of Vesta
 Temple of Venus and Roma
 Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
 Temple of Caesar
 Temple of Vespasian and Titus
 Temple of Concord
 Shrine of Venus Cloacina

Major temples and sanctuaries in the Forum include the Temple of Castor
and Pollux, the temple of Saturn and the Temple of Vesta
The Temple of Castor and Pollux

The Temple of Castor and Pollux in

the Forum was originally built in
gratitude for victory at the battle of
Lake Regillus.Castor and Pollux were
the the "twins" of Zeus (Jupiter) and
Leda.

The temple was peripteral, with eight

Corinthian columns at the short sides
and eleven on the long sides. The
podium measures 32×49.5m and 7m
in height. According to ancient
sources the temple had a single
central stairway to access the
podium.
The Temple of Saturn

The Temple of Saturn is a

monument to the agricultural deity
Saturn, that stands at the western
end of the Roman Forum in Rome.

It represents the oldest-surviving

foundation in that area,

It was also called 'Aerarium', because

the Roman national treasure was kept
                          
 

the Temple of Antoninus

                         
 

The remains of the Temple of Vesta.
                         
 

The Temple of Caesar

                         
 

The Temple of Concord
                         
 

The Temple of Romulus

                         
 

The Temple of Venus and Roma
                         
 

The Temple of Vespasian
 The Basilica Aemilia 

The Basilica Aemilia was a civil 
basilica in the Roman forum, in Rome, 
Italy. Today only the plan and some 
rebuilt elements can be seen. The 
Basilica was 100 meters (328 ft) long 
and about 30 meters (98 ft) wide. 
Along the sides were two orders of 16 
arches, and it was accessed through 
one of three entrances.

Commercial and judicial activities took place in the basilicas, th

two remaining are
the Basilica Aemilia and the Basilica Julia.
It was the favourite meeting place of the Roman people. This
Basilica houses public meeting places and shops, but it is used
mainly as a law court. On the pavement of the portico, there are
asilica of Maxentius and Constantine

The Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine was

the largest building in the Roman Forum.

The building consisted of a central nave covered by

three groin vaults suspended 39 meters above the
floor on four large piers, ending in an apse at the
western end containing a colossal statue of
Constantine
Arch of Septimius Severus

The arch was raised on a travertine base originally approached

by steps from the Forum's ancient level. The central archway,
spanned by a richly coffered semicircular vault, has lateral
openings to each side archway
The white marble Arch of Septimius Severus at the northeast
end of the Roman Forum is a triumphal arch erected in AD 204
to commemorate the Parthian victories of Emperor Septimius
Severus
 Arch of Titus

The Arch of Titus is a Pentelic marble triumphal arch

with a single arched opening, located on the Via Sacra
just to the south-east of the Forum in Rome.
Regia

The Regia is one of the oldest buildings at the Roman Forum. It was
originally the residence of the kings of Rome or at least their main
headquarters, and later the office of the Pontifex Maximus, the high
priest of Roman religion.
The building had an irregularly formed enclosed
courtyard
The interior was divided into three rooms with entrance from
the courtyard into the middle room
The Curia Julia

The Curia Julia was the

favorite meeting place of
the Roman Senate in the
Forum Romanum at the foot
of the Capitoline Hill, near
the well of the Comitia.
The Tabularium

The Tabularium was the official

records office of ancient Rome, and
also housed the offices of many city
officials. Situated within the Forum
Romanum, it was on the front slope
of the Capitoline Hill.
The interior
 The Umbilicus Urbi

The Umbilicus Urbi of the City of

Rome, the designated centre of the
city from which and to which all
distances in Rome and the Roman
Empire were measured, is situated in
the Roman Forum.
The Lapis Niger

The Lapis Niger is an ancient Roman shrine in Rome, Italy.

Mentioned in many ancient descriptions of the Roman Forum dating
from the Roman Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire,
the shrine lies between the forum and the Comitium. The shrine was
lost underground due to a combination of overbuilding during the
era of the Roman Empire and the chaos of Rome's fall.
Atrium Vestae
The House of the
Vestal Virgins (Latin:
Atrium Vestae) was the
place where Vestal
Virgins lived. It was
located just behind their
circular Temple of Vesta
at the eastern edge of
the Roman Forum.
 The Column of Phocas

The Column of Phocas was the last

addition made to the Roman Forum.

The fluted Corinthian column stands

13.6 m (44 ft) tall on its cubical white
marble socle and seems originally to
have been made about the 2nd
century.
A procession

A procession is, in general,

an organized body of people
advancing in a formal or
ceremonial manner.
A special mode of
transport, such as a
ceremonial barge, elephant
howdah, horse drawn
carriage, or a palanquin
carried on the shoulders of
The Pope has traditionally
others.
been carried in a special
sedan chair known as the
sedia gestatoria.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wikipedia.com
Great Buildings.com
Sights.seindal.dk
FINISH