INTRODUCTION

"NFC & BLUETOOTH BASED

CONTACTLESS DOOR LOCK" focuses
on exploiting the full potentials of
NFC( Near Field Communications) and
Bluetooth for implementing an automated
door locking/unlocking System.

The Problem
Technology has not replaced conventional
Locking systems with smarter systems .
Cost Effective Electronic Locking system is the
need of the hour.
Traditional locks are not user-friendly to
Handicapped people.
In traditional locks
if a key is lost, the lock tends useless.
Keys cant be customized for locks by the user.

The Solution
NFC & Bluetooth based Access Control System/ Door Lock.
Existing Smart Locks

The Proposed Lock

Bluetooth-only locks exist.

NFC-only locks are under
development

Combines Both Bluetooth

and NFC.

NFC alone locks require a

special tag writer device.

Tag Writer is Integrated into

the lock.

Not User Friendly

User friendly and targets

Android OS.

Costly

Comparatively cheap.

Near Field Communication (NFC)

NFC is a short range wireless technology
which is based on RFID technology, but
has a operating range/distance constraint
of maximum 10cm.
This feature of NFC based devices turns
them comparatively more secure than
their Bluetooth and RFID counterparts.

NFC - Merits over RFID

NFC has higher transfer rates than RFID
(upto 424Kb/s).
NFC consumes less power than RFID.
Unlike RFID, NFC is integrated into
modern smartphones, hence finds
application in day-to-day life.
Eg: Banking Applications, Railway
Reservations, Advertisements.

NFC Tags
Different from Bluetooth NFC utilizes
smart tags.
Tags are tiny electronic chips which
operate passively( i.e., need no battery to
power the device)
Tags consume required power by wireless
means from their master device, i.e the
active NFC READER/WRITER modules.

NFC Tags in our context

These rewritable tiny tags store the digital keys ,
which can be read by the NFC reader module.
The read keys are routed to the Microcontroller
which in turn compares those keys read from the
tag with the key already stored in the EEPROM
and thereby controls the electronic strike( door
lock) .

NFC in our context

As an alternative to the cost wise cheap
tiny tags (which are available in the market
as cards, keychains, small stickers, etc)
one can also use an NFC enabled phone
to lock/unlock the door.

BLUETOOTH
NFC enabled phones are slightly
costly/rare in India , and that is the primary
reason we add Bluetooth capabilities to
the lock.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology
standard for exchanging data over short
distances using 2.4 to 2.485 GHz
spectrum.

BLUETOOTH vs. NFC

Parameter

BLUETOOTH

NFC

Range

upto 50m.

upto 10cm.

Frequency

2.4 to 2.485
GHz

13.5Mhz

Pairing

Required

Not Required

Data Transfer
Rate

upto 2.1 Mb/s

100-400Kb/s

Penetration

High

Low

MODES OF OPERATION
Our innovative and unique approach
combines the capabilities of both
Bluetooth and NFC into a single lock, i.e.,
the lock can be used in 2 modes:
Bluetooth alone mode (NFC remains switched
off)
NFC/Bluetooth dual mode.

ANDROID APP
Additionally we developed an android app
for the lock which communicates using
Bluetooth with the lock.
The Android app will have the following
capabilities based on the above
mentioned modes of operation of the lock:
lock/unlock door using phone's Bluetooth.
Set a new tag/Reset it when needed.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED
COMPONENT

USE

Arduino Uno R3

Evaluation Board which

contains ATmega328
microcontroller.

MFRC522 Module

NFC Reader/Writer module

for Mifare Classic Tags.

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

Bluetooth Slave Module for

communicating with android
app.

Transistor TIP122

Switches the lock ON/OFF

based on signal from
Arduino.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED
NFC Tags (Cards/ tags
/Stickers)

To be used as key for the

lock.

Battery (9v) or DC Adapter

Two batteries are required

one for powering the
Arduino and another for
powering the lock.

Led

3 led lights are used for

indicating status of lock and
other actions.

Electric Strike

A push pull solenoid which

is the physical
electromagnetic lock.

Programming Environments Used

Arduino Programming Language (Based
on C) for programming the microcontroller.
Android SDK with Basic4Android IDE, for
developing the Android App.

Architectural Design

WORKING OF THE LOCK

Whenever we
show a tag against
the lock, yellow
LED glows
indicating that the
tag is being read.

WORKING OF THE LOCK

Red Led light - On
Indicates that the door
is locked.

Red Led light - Off

Indicates that the door
is unlocked.

WORKING OF THE LOCK

White Led
When we try to set
a new tag to our
lock, the White
Led Flashes.
This White Light
indicates that the
new tag has been
successfully set.

Advantages
The primary advantages of our unique
Access Control System are:
No need to carry a physical key.
Two or more locks can be configured to
lock/unlock using the same tag.

Advantages
In large industries and Institutions one
needs to lock/unlock many no. of
rooms.The person in charge usually
carries individual keys for each door and
takes lot of trouble and time in finding the
correct key and locking/unlocking each
door. A single NFC tag is the supreme
solution to this problem.

Advantages
NFC tags are a boon to old and blind
people - as they will easily lock or unlock
the door by just bringing the tag near the
door.
Parental Control is possible. For instance,
the master of a family can alone have the
android-access to the lock and the tags
shall alone be given to other members of
the family.

Advantages
If a key is lost ,no need to replace the lock.
Simply buy a new tag (just Rs.50 approx)
and reset the tag associated with the lock.
So simple!
The old tag becomes obsolete.
The new tag becomes the key.

Advantages
Moreover, the user of the lock alone
knows where in the door, exactly the lock's
NFC tag-READER is installed , so that he
can show the tag next to it!
Even if the tag reaches wrong hands, the
thief wont know exactly where to show the
tag, to unlock the door.

Conclusion
Quoting all the above features and
advantages, we are confident that our
lock/project will be a revolutionary, userfriendly solution to today's need for
replacing the old conventional locking
techniques.

References
References:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.
jsp?arnumber=4658420
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.
jsp?arnumber=6197001