3

Ethics and Privacy

1. Define ethics, list and describe the three

fundamental tenets of ethics, and describe the

four categories of ethical issues related to
information technology.
2. Identify three places that store personal data,
and for each one, discuss at least one
potential threat to the privacy of the data
stored there.

1. Ethical Issues
2. Privacy

[ Opening Case WikiLeaks Marches On

]

The Problem
The Solution
The Results
What We Learned from This Case

About [small] business

3.1 Pinterest

3.1Ethical Issues
Ethical Frameworks
Ethics in the Corporate
Environment
Ethics and Information
Technology

3.1Ethical Issues
Ethics
The principles of right and wrong that
individuals use to make choices that
guide their behavior.

Ethical Frameworks
Four Widely Used Standards
Utilitarian Approach
Rights Approach
Fairness Approach
Common Good Approach

Combine Four Standards to Create a

Framework for Ethical Decision Making

Ethical Frameworks
Five Steps in Ethical Decision Making
Framework
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Recognize an ethical issue

Get the facts
Evaluate alternative actions
Make a Decisions and Test It
Act and Reflect on the Outcome of Decisions

Ethics in the Corporate

Environment
Code of Ethics
Fundamental Tenets of Ethics
Responsibility
Accountability
Liability

What is Unethical is not necessarily

Illegal

Ethics & Information

Technology
Four General Categories of Ethical
Issues Related to IT:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Privacy Issues
Accuracy Issues
Property Issues
Accessibility Issues

[about business]
3.2 The Dot Clones

3.2Privacy
Electronic Surveillance
Personal Information in Databases
Information on Internet Bulletin
Boards, Newsgroups, and Social
Networking Sites
Privacy Codes and Policies
International Aspects of Privacy

3.2Privacy
Privacy
The right to be left alone and to be free
of unreasonable personal intrusions.

Information Privacy
The right to determine when, and to what
extent, information about you can be
gathered and/or communicated to others.

3.2Privacy
Court Decisions in Many
Countries have followed two
rules:
1. The right of privacy is not absolute.
Privacy must be balanced against the
needs of society.
2. The publics right to know supersedes
the individuals right of privacy.

3.2Privacy
Digital Dossier
Profiling
Data Aggregators
LexisNexis
ChoicePoint
Acxiom

Electronic Surveillance
Using technology to monitor
individuals as they go about their
daily routines.
Is conducted by employers,
governments, and other institutions.
Examples:
Surveillance cameras in airports, subways, banks,
and other public venues.

Electronic Surveillance
Inexpensive digital sensors are found
in laptop webcams, video game
sensors, smartphone cameras, utility
meters, passports, and ID cards.
Smartphones create geotags
Google and Microsoft street view
images
Satellite imaging

Personal Information in
Databases
Personal Data / Record Keepers
Credit Reporting Agencies
Banks and Financial Institutions
Utility Companies
Employers
Hospitals
Schools
Government Agencies (IRS, State, City)

Personal Information in
Databases
Major Concerns about Information
You Provide Record Keepers
Do you know where the records are?
Are the records accurate?
Can you change inaccurate data?
How long will it take to make a change?
Under what circumstances will personal data be
released?

Personal Information in
Databases
Major Concerns about Information
You Provide Record Keepers
How are the data used?
To whom are the data given or sold?
How secure are the data against access by
unauthorized people?

Information on Internet Bulletin Boards,

Newsgroups, and Social Networking Sites

Free Speech versus Privacy on the

Internet
Derogatory Information Can
Influence Hiring Decisions
Little to No Recourse for Victims

Privacy Codes & Policies

An organizations guidelines for
protecting the privacy of its
customers, clients, and employees.
Opt-out Model
Opt-in Model

Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)

A protocol that communicates privacy policies
between a web site and its visitors

Privacy Codes & Policies

US Federal Trade Commissions Fair
Information Practices Standard
European Directive on Data Privacy

International Aspects of
Privacy
The Global Nature of the Internet
Complicates Data Privacy
Approximately 50 Countries Have
Data-Protection Laws
Inconsistent standards from country to country
Transborder data flow.

[about business]
3.3 Google Glass:
Big Brother
Really is
Watching You

[ Closing Case Target Provides

a Surprise ]

The Problem
An Interesting IT Solution
The Results: Initial Uses of Watson
What We Learned from This Case