PRESENTED BY ANJALI YADAV

PG STUDENT
DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL
ORTHOPAEDICS

CONTENTS
EVOLUTION OF BEGG TECHNIQUE
EVOLUTION OF REFINED BEGG
APPLIANCE DESIGN
STAGE -I
STAGE -II AND PRE STAGE III
STAGE III
VARIOUS AUXILLARIES
FINISHING AND DETAILING
CONCLUSION

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Dr. Beggs experience with the

edgewise appliance under the

dictum of non-extraction approach
taught by Dr. Angle was
disappointing due to slow tooth
movements, too far forwardly
positioned teeth and an unpleasant
facial profile at the end of treatment.

 He developed this technique due to the

peculiar needs of his practice, wherein

patients with severe malocclusions had to
travel long distances to undergo
treatment.
He always wanted an appliance which
would exert light continuous forces over
extended periods of time.
Hence he modified the ribbon arch bracket
and used it with the light round wire to
develop the classical Begg technique.

CONCEPTS
His studies on Attritional occlusion

convinced him that extractions were

essential in most patients to make
up for the lack of attrition in modern
man.
He also introduced the concept of
differential forces to move different
segments of teeth based on Storey
and Smiths work.

MATERIAL ADVANCEMENTS
He kept close tabs with

advancements in metallurgy and his

association with A.J. Wilcock lead to
the development of high tensile
stainless steel light wires.
In fact these wires were only a spinoff from the metallurgical research
equipment that was being developed
during the war time years.

CLASSICAL BEGG

ADVANTAGES
Light forces
Anchorage control
Quick correction
Efficient uprighting
Less demands on
patient cooperation
Low cost

DISADVANTAGES
No precise control
Posterior root torque is
difficult
True intrusion is less likely
Poor rotational control
Over use of class II
elastics
Uncontrolled tipping and
root resorption
Heavy torque requirement
Over emphasis on
extractions
No fail safe mechanism

EVOLUTION
MODIFIED BEGG
Change in the
shape of the
bracket
Ex: Tip edge
BEDDTIOT
C.A.T and other
Combination
brackets

REFINED BEGG
Use the same
Begg bracket
Use of newer high
tensile wires and
auxillaries to
overcome the
drawbacks of the
classic technique

REFINED BEGG
Refinements can be broadly classified
under the following headings:
CONCEPTUAL CHANGES
HARDWARE ADVANCEMENTS
MODIFICATION OF MECHANICS

1. Conceptual changes
Attritional occlusion and Differential

forces are viewed in a new

perspective.

2. Treatment objectives
Treatment objectives now include

Andrews 6 keys to normal occlusion

and Gnathologic goals set by Roth.

3. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is now broad based,

involving skeletal, dental and soft

tissue analysis, growth estimation
and VTO

4. Treatment planning
Treatment planning varies according

to the facial pattern and other

individual requirements such as
controlling incisor exposure.
Treatment during mixed dentition for
controlling and redirecting growth
with functional appliances either
before or during fixed therapy are
considered.

 Upper molar distalization by

modifying the archwire is possible.

The molars are held back and the
Leeway space is utilized for resolving
mild crowding in border line cases.

 In the early days the rule of thumb

was to extract when in doubt.

Nowadays when in doubt we start
the case non-extraction.
When extractions do become
necessary the choice of teeth is
dictated by the diagnosis

all first premolars,

all second premolars

all first molars,

upper first premolars and

lower second premolars

or vice versa,

asymmetric extractions,

upper second molars and

lower third molars,

single arch premolar

extractions
8

a single lower incisor

extraction
8

 Interproximal enamel reduction is also a

viable option in cases with excess tooth

material.

5. Biomechanics
The conventional method tipped the

teeth uncontrollably thereby leading

to iatrogenic root resorption.
Refined method aims at achieving
controlled tipping in the first and
second stages by using torquing
springs made with thin dimension
high tensile premium and supreme
wires.

 Advantages of using torquing

auxillaries right from Stage I

Prevents uncontrolled tipping and

related root resorption.

Make stage III short and simple.
Provide labial root torque for blocked in
lateral incisors right from the beginning.
Enhances intrusion and retraction of
canines which are touching the labial
cortical plate.

6. Arch-forms
Proper arch form and co-ordination of

upper and lower arch wires is

checked at every stage.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Attachments
Arch Wires
Elastics
Other Components

1. Attachments
Brackets: Basic design remains the

same
Built in torque (Kameda)
Anti rotation (Mollenhauer)

 Tubes:
Round / Oval / Rectangular
Built in distal offset
Oval / Rectangular tubes are used to get

better bucco-lingual control.

Combination tubes

 Other attachments
Palatal brackets
Hooks
Lingual buttons, cleats or eyelets
Additional round tubes
Lingual and palatal sheaths

2. Arch-wires
Newer high grade Australian stainless

steel

Premium
Premium plus
Supreme

Decrowding is done with

Thin premium plus / Supreme wires
Multi stranded co-axial wires
Nickel titanium wires

Finishing is done with

Alpha titanium rectangular wires

Braking is achieved with

Combination / Tandem wires

3. Elastics
Ultra light
Roadrunner of Ormco

Light
Yellow elastics of T.P. Orthodontics

Many configurations besides the

conventional class I and class II are

used
Check / distal vertical / box / M / W etc.

4. Other Components
By pass hooks and power pins

(Kameda)
Trans palatal arches
Jasper jumper

STAGE WISE MODIFICATIONS

Stage I
Multi looped arch wires are avoided

for decrowding, instead ultra fine

Australian wires, coaxial steel or NiTi
wires are used along with 0.016 inch
base wire.
MAA as an integral part of stage I.
More importance to incisor intrusion.

 Modified arch wires such as

bypass wires
Distalizing arch wires

are used when needed

Base wire is changed to 0.018 as soon
as the teeth permit for efficient incisor
intrusion, rotation control and
maintenance of the arch form
Open bite cases are started with 0.014
arch wire.

Stage II
MAA is continued for controlled

tipping of anteriors.
Base wire may be changed to 0.020
size.
Excessive tipping of incisors is
avoided by applying efficient brakes.
Kameda recommends to start
torquing incisors from this stage
itself.

Stage III
Base wire is 0.020 premium for

resisting unfavourable side effects of

torquing auxillaries and uprighting
springs
Uprighting springs and torquing
auxillaries are made of finer higher
grade wires.

 Prevention and correction of occlusal

displacement of palatal cusps is

ensured.
Second molars are banded and
included in the appliance for their
proper positioning.
Headgear can be used to reinforce
anchorage if needed.

Finishing
Rectangular wires along with staples

and T-pins can be used for maintaining

or improving the proper torque and tip
Different elastic configurations with
lighter round wires may be used to
obtain a tight buccal occlusion
A pre finishing cephalograph is advised
to make sure completion of all
corrections.

Retention
Conventional Begg did not emphasize

retention of lower teeth.

Nowadays it is an accepted practice to
use a removable Hawleys plate with a
fitted labial bow or a fixed lingual
retainer for maintaining the corrected
lower anterior teeth till relapse
tendency due to continued growth and
/ or third molars is ruled out.

What still remains

Use of light forces.
Crown tipping and root tipping are kept

separate for efficient anchorage

management.
Differential forces for differential
movement of groups of teeth
Sequence of stages and treatment
steps remain same.

 Use of light intra oral elastics.

En-masse movement of teeth

for space closure.

Separation of root moving
forces from arch wire forces
Over correction of all
displacements.

Bracket
design

0.020

0.045

0.015

Built in Torque
adjustment

Molar Tubes
6 mm
5 mm
0.036
0.072

0.024

Combination Tubes
6.2 mm

0.036
0.025

5.5 mm
0.018

Placement of the
attachments
Height
Mesio-distal location
Brackets
Molar tubes

Bracket Heights
Maxillary
teeth

Height (mm) 3

3.5 3.5 3.5 4

3.5 4

Height (mm) 3

3.5 3.5 3.5 4

Mandibular
teeth

Maxillary Anteriors
Height (mm)
Height (mm)
Mandibular Anteriors

3
3.5
3.5
3

2
3
3.5
2

1
4
4
1

Mesio-distal location
Brackets
Ideally placed along the long axis
Offseted in case of rotations

Molar tubes
Mesial of the tube in line with mesio-

buccal cusp tip

Arch wires
(in the order of increasing yield
strength)
Australian wires formerly available
Regular
Regular plus
Special
Special plus

Newer grades of wires

Premium (P)
Premium plus (P+)
Supreme (S)

Availability of newer
wires

WIRE
SIZE
(INCH)

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.014

.016

.018

.020

PREMIUM

PREMIUM
PLUS

SUPREME

Mechanical properties of
the newer grade wires
Working range(maximum flexibility)
Resiliency
Zero stress relaxation
Formability

Clinical usage of new

grade wires
Depending on the load deflection

rate desired the wire size will be

decided
If the chances of fracture of an arch
wire are high a slightly lower grade
may be preferred

 Considering these factors Premium

plus, Premium or at least Special plus

grade wires are recommended for
making arch wires.
The other lower grade wires have
almost become extinct in clinical
practice.

Protocol for bending

these wires
Warm the wire by pulling between

fingers before bending since these

wires have ductile brittle transition
temperature slightly above the room
temperature.
Sharp bends are to be made around
the square beak. This provides a
moment arm between the thumb and
the wire gripping point thus reducing
the applied stress.

General considerations
in bending the archwires
Cuspid circles
Size
Location

Occluso-gingival location of anterior &

posterior segments.
Plane

Molar stops

Gable bends: distal to canine & it made

in third stage arch wire to maintain bite
opening.
it causes relative extrusion of canine &
intrusion of lateral & central incisors.
Hocevars modification: a bend on
eitherside of canine. They causes
central incisors intrusion while canine &
laterals both extruded.
Kamedas modifications: includes
simultaneously gable & anchor bend
results canine extrusion & incisors
intrusion.

Accesories
Power pins

(Kameda)
Trans palatal arches
Pins
Stage I pins
Stage III pins
High hat pins
Hook pins
T pins

Stage wise modifications

STAGE I
Objectives of conventional Begg
Alignment of teeth
Elimination of cross bites
Over bite correction
Over jet correction
Correction of arch form
Matching the midlines
Attaining class I molar and canine

relation

STAGE I OF REFINED BEGG

Priorities
Overbite reduction to precede overjet reduction
Crowding to be relieved so as to engage 0.016 or

0.018 base wires into all the bracket slots for

applying intrusive force to all teeth evenly.
If canines are to be moved distally to relieve
crowding or if they are badly rotated they
receive priority over everything else initially.
Severely proclined or retroclined incisors are to
be brought to proper inclination before applying
higher intrusive forces

Objectives of Sub stage ICreate space for decrowding or close existing

A
spaces.

Alignment of teeth
Labio-ligual movements
Correction of rotations
Correction of anterior cross bite

Improve upper incisor inclination to +/- 10o of

normal.
Molar rotations and posterior cross bites to be
corrected with TPA.
Premolar rotations to be corrected using only
palatal or lingual attachments.
Upper arch form in the canine area is broadened,
if narrow to facilitate mandibular advancement
for class II correction.

Objectives of Sub stage IMaximize incisor intrusion and minimize molar

B
extrusion during bite opening.

To achieve controlled tipping of upper incisors

during retraction.
Prevent uncontrolled tipping of lower incisors
during bite opening.
Apply root control for correction of extreme labiolingual movements such as blocked in lateral
incisors.
Control the mandibular plane angle.
Match skeletal and dental midlines.
Correct inter arch relationship to Class I.
Premolar displacements and rotations are
corrected if they are bonded.

Spaces to be
opened or
closed

Alignment of
teeth

Arch wire
selection in
stage 1
Anterior
overbite and
effect of
elastics

Arch form and

rotational
control

Arch wires in Stage-I

For closing spaces or for decrowding the

teeth have to slide over the wire, hence

thinner wires (0.014 / 0.016) are used.
Alignment of teeth is done with sectional
NiTi wires, multi stranded or thin stainless
steel wires tied piggy back over a rigid base
wire with small vertical offsets for the
malposed teeth.

 In average or deep bite cases 0.018

premium or premium plus wires are used.

Provides adequate intrusive force on upper

incisors
Resists lingual rolling of lower molars

In anterior open bite cases the upper 0.014

and lower 0.016 P/P+ wires are used.

To efficiently correct and maintain arch form
and for better rotational control the base
wire is changed to 0.018 as early as
possible.

SUB STAGE I-A

I. Alignment of crowded anterior teeth
Decline in the use of multi looped wires due to

Inadequate or uneven bite opening

Labial and buccal flaring of incisors and canines
Loss of control over molar positions
Failure to maintain anchorage
Wire bending needs skill and is time consuming
Soft tissue irritation
Difficult to adjust intra orally
Can distort arch form, width and symmetry
Difficult to maintain oral hygiene

 1.Arch wire strength needed to negate the

side effects of elastics

Badly positioned canines
Full length NiTi wire along with 0.014 S.S
base wire with anchor bend but no cuspid
circle tied piggy back. Step up or step down
bends are given if the base wire comes in the
way of tooth movement.
Full length NiTi wire without support from a
S.S. wire can be used in open bite cases or if
the canines are highly placed.

 2.Amount of canine distalization

needed for decrowding and cuspid

circle position
Mild crowding (space required-0.5 mm)
Kept touching the canine brackets on both
sides
Slightly more crowded (1 mm)

Kept 0.5 mm distal to the canine bracket on

either side
More crowding (2mm)
One or both circles are omitted and elastics
engaged on to high hat pins on the canines

 If canines tip distal excessively they are

fitted with uprighting springs made of

0.010 supreme wire.
If the lower arch is made without cuspid

circles for bilateral canine movement,

molar stops are bent mesial to the molar
tube.
If both cuspid circles are omitted in the
upper arch, its ends are lightly bent (not
tightly cinched) about 1mm away from the
distal ends of molar tubes which provide
for uprighting of the molars.

 If only one cuspid circle is omitted

in the upper arch, the wire is

stabilized using a cuspid tie to the
circle on the other side. Under
similar conditions in the lower arch,
the molar stop may still be required
on the opposite side for resisting
forward molar movement.

3.Amount of wire
deflection

Minimal crowding of 1-2 mm can be

corrected by giving horizontal offset or V

bends in a 0.016 or 0.014 S.S. wire.
If crowding is more than 2 mm, more
flexible 0.014 or 0.016 NiTi, 0.0165 co
axial or 0.009 supreme wires will be
required.

Considerations for
choice of wire
Same diameter coax wire exerts less force

than a NiTi wire, whereas a S.S 0.009

supreme wire exerts more force than the
0.014 NiTi.
NiTi wires have highest spring back. Coax
wires are most prone to deformation and
S.S under size wires have the least spring
back.
S.S wires have the least friction, NiTi wires
have greater friction, while coax wires
offer maximum resistance to sliding.
NiTi wires are more costly than the coax or
supreme wires

4.Amount of rotational
control required
The arch wire should fill the slot as

much as possible for rotational

corrections
0.014 NiTi or coax wires are the
best choice but they must be
supported by a stiff base wire
If a 0.009 supreme wire is used, it
would require exaggerated horizontal
offsets

5.Indication for using a

single loop
When a single incisor is out of the

arch while all the remaining incisors

and the other side canine are well
aligned but tipped towards the
crowded incisor.
A single loop is made in the 0.014 or
0.016 arch wire with the cuspid
circle abutting the canine and a stop
abutting the lateral incisor.

Indication for using a

single loop

6.Anterior open bite

Upper 0.014 S.S if incisor extrusion

is needed with mild anchor bends

balanced by suitable class II elastics
Lower 0.016 S.S wire is used.

7.Over correction of
rotations
As one proceeds to stiffer wires

forcing the wire into anti rotation

brackets may lead to bond failure
Hence, rotated teeth should be
corrected at each visit on the lesser
dimension wires by using rotation
modules, so that bigger size wires
can be easily engaged in the
subsequent visits.

II. Closing of anterior

spacing
Cuspid circles should be kept 2 mm

mesial to the bracket and must be

rolled mesially as spaces close. Keeping
them too far mesially may lead to
round tripping but is valid if canines are
to be moved mesially
Intrusion takes up some space, hence
active space closure should not be
done until intrusion is achieved.

III.Improving the
inclination of upper
incisors

Severely proclined teeth are first

retracted with class I or II elastics along

with mild/moderate anchor bends
Retroclined incisors are allowed to
upright under the effect of anchor
bends, by avoiding class II elastics.
Loops against the molar tubes can be
used if active proclination is required.

IV.Molar position
correction
Rotated molars are corrected with

appropriate toe-in or toe-out bends in a

0.016 S.S wire
Mild bucco-lingual displacements can
be corrected by arch wire expansion or
contraction
More than 2mm corrections are to be
attempted with a TPA, Quad helix, NiTi
expander or a removable expansion
appliance

V. Premolar derotations
Can be achieved by tying only the

palatal or lingual attachments.

Those requiring the use of rotational
springs in the brackets are differed to
sub stage IB, because the springs
would hinder a free sliding of the
arch wire, which is an essential part
of the sub stage IA

Pins used in sub stage I

A
Well positioned incisors can receive

stage I pins which allow free tipping of

teeth either to open or close spaces
High hat pins are used on canines if
they are to be moved distally for
decrowding, which facilitate
engagement of class II elastics
If a piggy back sectional wire is to be
pinned the hook pins are used.

SUB STAGE I B
It forms the major part of the first stage
Arch wires used are 0.018 P/P+
The elastics employed are mostly class II

light or ultra light

Steps

Bite opening
Elimination of overjet with controlled tipping
Controlling the mandibular plane angle
Correcting midline discrepancy
Correcting the inter-arch relation to class I

I. Bite opening
True intrusion of incisors and

avoiding molar extrusion are of

prime importance
The interplay of intrusive and elastic
forces determines the magnitude
and direction of the net resultant
force
The site for placing bite opening
bends is yet another important
consideration

Strategies for bite

opening
Initially when incisors are severely

proclined

Intrusive force=45gms
Class II force=60gms

As inclination improves
Intrusive force=60gms
Class II force=30gms

Applying class I force from power

arms soldered gingival to the

molar tube is yet another option.

Controlling the net

resultant force
As they become more upright
Elastic force is applied more

obliquely downwards from TPA

Intrusive force is increased by
increasing anchor bends from 30o to
50o on a 0.016 and later on a
0.018 S.S. wire

 Class II elastic force is reduced by

over stretching them before use,

using them over extended periods
(3-5 days) or by switching from
yellow (5/16) to the Road runner
(3/8) elastics.
Elastic force vector is changed from
class II to class I and later engaged
from the TPA as the situation
demands.

Control of force vector

Modifications for
uniform intrusion

Gingival curve in the incisor segment

Recommended by Dr. Swain

Vertical step-up bends 4-5 mm in height

and placed 2-3 mm mesial to the molar tube

Recommended by Dr. Jayade
In actual clinical situation it is better to place

them 5mm mesial to the tube, as the bend moves

2mm distally on engagement within the slot
Placing incisal segment occlusally to negate
extrusion of canine

Reinforcing vertical anchorage by including

second molars in extreme deep bite cases.

Gingival curve & Step-up

bend

 Use of elastics from TPA

Lingual sheaths to be welded on upper

molar bands
Four additional brackets to be bonded on
the palatal aspect of incisors with their
slots facing incisally
Sectional 0.016 wire to be engaged
High hat pins to be used for elastic
engagement

 Predicting the net intrusive force

vector
Lateral cephalograph taken with barium

coated palatal elastics engaged from the

TPA

II Elimination of
overjet
Attaining an edge to edge incisor

relation by use of cl II elastics.

a)Attempt to achieve controlled
tipping is emphasized

Higher intrusive force

Least possible elastic force
M/F ratio is kept close to 8:1
MAA auxillary is used to provide the
counter balancing moment

b)Preventing uncontrolled
tipping of lower incisors
Lower incisor brackets are bonded

more gingivally
Less anchor bend in the lower arch
wire
MAA with labial root torque
Arch wire ends are cinched tight

c)Root control of teeth with

extreme labio-lingual
displacements
MAA for in standing incisors
Jenners auxillary for lingual root

movement of canines with prominent

root eminences
Spec auxillary for reciprocal root
movements of adjacent teeth

III. Controlling the

mandibular plane
Strong anchor bends and heavy class

II elastics are to be avoided

Adjuncts such as TPA and high pull
head gear can prevent extrusion of
upper molars
Bite blocks can be used to prevent
extrusion of upper and lower molars

IV. Correcting midline

discrepancy
Uneven class I or II elastic force with

stronger elastic force on the side to which

the midline has to move are used
0.018 premium plus Base wire is to be
used to prevent unwanted canting of
occlusal plane due to uneven elastic force
If both upper and lower midlines are to be
moved reciprocally diagonal elastics are
used
If only lower midline is to be corrected
unilateral class I elastics are used. For more
correction an uprighting spring is engaged
on the opposite canine which supplements
with a pushing force

V.Correcting inter-arch
relation to Class I
In a growing child the class II correction

is achieved by encouraging mandibular

growth with a functional appliance
Class II elastics are said to have a
functional appliance like effect
In adults mesial movement of the lower
molars is achieved with class II elastics
alone
In selected cases class II molar relation
is corrected by Distalizing upper molars

Pins in stage I B
Mollenhauer observed that excess

freedom offered by stage I pins does

more harm than good most of the
time .
Hence stage III pins can be used for
engaging the arch wire in well
aligned teeth with good contacts

Check list
of stage I

at the end

Edge to edge incisor relation

Matching midlines
Class I molar and canine relation
Rotations are slightly over corrected
Co-ordinated upper and lower arch forms
Corrected molar rotations and labio-

lingual displacements
Maintain good control over root positions
and the mandibular plane angle

STAGE II AND PRE STAGE

III

Objectives
Arch wires in stage II
Controlled tipping of incisors
Braking mechanics for protracting
posteriors
Elastics used in stage II
Pins used in stage II
Duration of stage II
Rotations of premolars
Check list at the end of stage II
Pre stage III

Objectives
To maintain all corrections

achieved in stage I
To close all extraction spaces
In addition
Controlled tipping during retraction

with MAA used for lingual root torque

Use of efficient brakes for posterior
protraction
Correction of cross bites and rotations
of premolars

 Arch wires used in stage II

Usually 0.018 P/P+ or 0.020 P wires

are used
The heavy 0.020 arch wires are good
for maintaining rotation correction, deep
bite correction and the arch form

 Braking mechanics
Passive uprighting springs made in

0.018 wire are used as braking springs

Angulated T pins help in maintaining
the tipping already brought about and
prevent further tipping
Two spur or four spur torquing
auxillaries or MAA made with 0.010 or
0.011 wire over a 0.020 base wire can
be used
Combination wires also can be used.

 Elastics
Various configurations are used as per

the individual patients requirement

Class I/Class II/Class III
Check /Box
M / W / triangular
Cross elastics

Check list at the end of

stage II
All spaces to be closed
All teeth are well aligned
Rotations are over corrected
Edge to edge incisor relation
Class I or super class I canine and

molar relation are to be attained

Pre stage III

Most of the cases require pre stage III

adjustments since the premolars are at a

different level as they are not engaged to
the arch wire until the spaces are closed.
A horizontal offset is made between the
premolar and molar. A mild vertical
adjustment is also made at the same sight
so as to engage the premolar brackets.
A complete set of records are taken to
check for the root positions which are to
be corrected in stage III

Stage III
Objectives
To maintain corrections achieved in the

first two stages

To achieve desired root positions

Additional objectives
To carefully monitor anchorage

requirements and reinforce them if needed

To correct the positions of second molars,
whenever required
To monitor for root resorption, parafunctional habits and cuspal interferences.

Problems encountered in
Stage III
Sagittal
Mesial movement of entire dentition or

individual crowns
Class II / Bimax / Rotations / Crowding
reverts back
Spaces opening at extraction site

 Vertical
Anterior deep bite reverts partially or

fully
Posterior open bite may develop in
second premolar or first molar
extraction cases

Transverse
Buccal flaring of posteriors leading to

functional disturbances

Root resorption

Methods to overcome
problems
1.Minimise need for root movements in
this stage
Proper diagnosis and careful extraction plan
Use of efficient braking mechanism
Controlled tipping of teeth in the first two

stages
2.Use of heavy base wires
3.Using lighter auxillaries and uprighting
springs
4.Use of light class II elastics
5.Reinforcement of anchorage
6.Over correction of all movements at end of
stage II

Various torquing
auxillaries

Spur auxillaries (2,4,6)

Udder arch for labial root torque
Mouse trap for lingual root torque
Van der Hydt
Kitchton
Anterior root torquing
Single root torquing
Reciprocal
Reverse torquing
Buccal root torque on molars
Jenner auxillary for labial root torque on
lateral incisors

Recipracal (Spec) auxiliary

Single root torquing auxiliary & placed

for buccal root torque on premolar

Buccal root torquing auxiliary

Auxiliary for lingual root torque

Uprighting springs
Mini 0.5 mm diameter
Midi 0.9 mm diameter
Maxi 1.5 mm diameter

Finishing
Objectives
Intra arch
Proper facio lingual positioning
Good inter dental contacts
Well aligned marginal ridges
Flat curve of spee
Proper tip and torque of all teeth
Proper arch form
Maintainence of lower inter canine
width

 Inter arch
Normal overjet and overbite
Class I canine, premolar and molar
relations
Tight inter digitation of posterior
occlusion
Functional

No cuspal interferences
Canine and incisor guidance
Healthy and well functioning TMJ
Control of etiologic factors

CONCLUSION
In this ever changing world, when things are

becoming simpler, orthodontics is not behind. In

the race of outdoing the other, and media type,
we sometimes Forget the conventional approach
of treatment. Just because the other thing is new
does not guarantee a fool proof treatment. We
should know about the advantages and
disadvantages of both conventional and modern
methods before taking a decision.

The Conventional Beggs methods also refine

themselves with time in order to make the life
easier for an orthodontist.

REFERENCES
Refined Beggs of modern times Dr. Vijay jayde
Sidney Brandt Experience with Begg technique

angle orthodontist 1962, vol 32, number 3.

Jayade VP : Indian Begg practice at cross roads JIOS,
1989, vol. 20.
Sims MR : Anchorage variation with light wire
technique. Am JD, 1971, 59 : 456.
Anil Kadchakar and Vijay Jayde Finishing and
detailing A review. JIOS, 1994, January, vol 25, No.
1.
H.S. Divakar and V.P. Jayade Comparison of
uprighting springs made from lighter Australian
wires. JIOS, 1995, January, vol 26, No. 1.

 John Mamutil Technique Clinic Begg rotation

module JCO, June 1987, vol 21, No. 6.

Tan F. : Begg reverse torquing auxiliary JCO, 21,
789, 1987.
H.S. Divakar and V.P. Jayade : Rectangular
finishing wires in Begg technique ; JIOS, 30; 3,
1997.
Barrer Current concepts in Begg philosophy and
technique JCO 16 : 2, 1982.
Ram. S. Nanda, Klye R. Shannon Changes in the
curve of spec with treatment and at 2yrs post
treatment. Am JO 124, 2004.

THANK YOU