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Aggregates
Soil Definition (Engineering)
refers to all unconsolidated material in the
earths crust, all material above the
bedrock
mineral particles (gravel, sand, silt, clay)
organic material (top soil, marshes)
Aggregates
mineral particles of a soil
specifically, granular soil group
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Sedimentary Rocks
Solidification of chemical or mineral sediments deposited
under ancient seas
Layered since original material was deposited in this
manner
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Limestone
Dolomite
Shale
Sandstone
Chert
Conglomerate
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium/Magnesium Carbonate
Clay
Quartz
Fine sand
Gravel
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Slate
Marble
Quartzite
Gneiss
shale
limestone
sandstone
granite
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Coarse Aggregate
aggregate particles mainly larger than 4.75 mm
Pit Run
aggregate from a sand or gravel pit with no
processing
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Crushed Rock
aggregate from the crushing of bedrock. All
particles are angular and not rounded as in gravel
Screenings
chips, dust, powder that are produced from crushing
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Fines
silt, clay, or dust particles smaller than 75um usually
the undesirable impurities in aggregates
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Clear
a single size coarse aggregate is called clear. Most
of the particles are between the specified maximum
size and a minimum size which is defined as onehalf of the maximum
19 mm clear aggregate
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Retained
(g)
0
205.3
127.9
76.4
36.4
446.0
Percentage Cumulative
Retained
Passing
0
100%
46.0
54
28.7
25.3
17.1
8.2
8.2
100%
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Bulk Volume = VB
(includes volume of absorbed water)
Net Volume = VN
VN = VB - volume of absorbed water
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RDA = MD/(VN x W)
Bulk
RDB = MD/(VB x W)
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29.3 g
1 g/cm3
Bulk Volume
Therefore
RDA =
2239.1 g
835.4 cm3 x 1 g/cm3
= 2.68
RDB =
2239.1 g
864.7 cm3 x 1 g/cm3
= 2.59
RDSSD =
2268.4 g
864.7 cm3 x 1 g/cm3
= 2.62
% Abs =
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= 29.3 cm3
29.3 g
2239.1 g
= 1.31%
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Chemical Stability
refers to specific problems due to chemical
composition
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5009-3267 = 34.8%
5009
Soundness test:
Original mass 2649g 2649-2115 = 20.2%
Final mass 2115 g
2649
-lower strength fines content
-drainage and frost heave potential
-durability question freeze/thaw resistance
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Sample Splitting
testing aggregates composed of significant amounts
of both coarse and fine aggregates the sample must
be split on the 4.75 mm sieve and the two fractions
sieved separately
If not, the amount of sample on the fine sieves may
be too great for effective sieving
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