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PAVEMENT MATERIAL

Classification
Classified according to their use and
type within a pavement system.
Subbase
Base
Surface
Bituminous
Portland cement concrete (PCC)

The Materials Used In Highway


Construction
Aggregate
A collective term for minerals materials
that are used with a binding medium to
form compound materials.
Used for base and subbase courses for
flexible and rigid pavements.
Aggregate source:
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks

Aggregate production
Quarry
Mine

Chemical properties
Stripping
Alkali-aggregate reaction

Physical properties

Gradation and size


Toughness and abrasion resistance
Durability and soundness
Particle shape and surface texture
Specific gravity
Cleanliness and deleterious materials
Moisture content

Type of aggregate
In accordance with size
In accordance with source
In accordance with unit weight

Aggregate as base material


Fillers
Function:
Add stiffness to the binder and stability to the mix
Maximize binder content
Affect the voids in the total aggregate, depending on the
particle size distribution of the mineral filter

Sources of mineral filler:

Natural fillers
Rock dust derived from coarse and fine aggregates
Baghouse or cyclone dust
Imported fillers (commercially available)
Hydrated lime
Portland cement
Ground limestone
Cement kiln dust
Granulated ground blast-funace slag
Fly ash

Bitumen and Asphalt


Definition : Bitumen is a viscous liquid, or a solid,
consisting of hydrocarbons which is soluble in
trichloro-ethylene and is substantially nonvolatile
and softens when heat.
Bitumen is black or brown in colour and
waterproofing and adhesive properties.
It is obtain by refinery processes from petroleum.
It also found as natural deposit or component
occuring asphalt.

TYPES OF BITUMEN
A) Peneteration Grade
i. Bitumen 80/100 : the softest of all grades and
avaiable in india. Suitable for low volume roads.
ii. Bitumen 60/70 : harder than 80/100 and can
withstand higher traffic loads. Mainly used in
construction of National Highways & State
Highways.
iii. Bitumen 30/40 : the hardest of all grades and
can withstand very heavy traffics loads. It is
used in specialized application like airport
runways and in very heavy traffic volume loads.

B) Industrial Grade Bitumen


i.
ii.

Also known as blown bitumen.


Obtained by blowing air into hot bitumen at high
temperatures (normally beyond 180 oC).
iii. Industrial grade bitumen is used in industrial
applications and in water proofing.
. C) CUTBACK
i. Is a free flowing liquid at normal temperatures.
ii. Obtained by fluxing bitumen with suitable
solvents.
iii. Cutback has been used in tack coat applications.

D) BITUMEN EMULSION
i. Is a free flowing liquid at ambient temperatures.
ii. Obtained by processing bitumen and water
under controlled conditions through a colloidal
mill together with selected additives.
iii. Bitumen emulsions can be of two types cationic
& anionic.
iv. Anionic bitumen emulsion are generally not used
in road construction. Anionic bitumen emulsions
dont give good performance with siliceous.
v. Cationic bitumen with siliceous aggregate far
more popular than anionic and give good
performance.

E) MODIFIED BITUMEN
i. Modified bitumen are bitumen with additives.
ii. These additives help in further enhancing the
properties of bituminous pavements.
iii. Pavements contructed with modified bitumen
are last longer.

TAR
Coal tar is brown or black liquid of extremely high
viscosity.
Tar refers to the substance obtained from variety
of organic materials.
Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum,
or peat.
It is black and a mixture of hydrocarbons and
free carbon.

CEMENT
Portland cement is the chief ingredient in
cement paste the binding agent in
portland cement concrete (PCC).
It is a hydraulic cement, when combined
with water, hardens into a solid mass.
Portland cement has been used for well
over 175 years.

STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcing steel keeps providing high level of
load.
When transverse cracks are kept tight, aggregate
interlock also transmits the shear force across the
crack.
Transverse reinforcing steel is used to provide
support for longitudinal cracks tight if they occur.
This can be in the form of deformed reinforcing
bars or thick wire mesh.

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