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Classification
Classified according to their use and
type within a pavement system.
Subbase
Base
Surface
Bituminous
Portland cement concrete (PCC)
Aggregate production
Quarry
Mine
Chemical properties
Stripping
Alkali-aggregate reaction
Physical properties
Type of aggregate
In accordance with size
In accordance with source
In accordance with unit weight
Natural fillers
Rock dust derived from coarse and fine aggregates
Baghouse or cyclone dust
Imported fillers (commercially available)
Hydrated lime
Portland cement
Ground limestone
Cement kiln dust
Granulated ground blast-funace slag
Fly ash
TYPES OF BITUMEN
A) Peneteration Grade
i. Bitumen 80/100 : the softest of all grades and
avaiable in india. Suitable for low volume roads.
ii. Bitumen 60/70 : harder than 80/100 and can
withstand higher traffic loads. Mainly used in
construction of National Highways & State
Highways.
iii. Bitumen 30/40 : the hardest of all grades and
can withstand very heavy traffics loads. It is
used in specialized application like airport
runways and in very heavy traffic volume loads.
D) BITUMEN EMULSION
i. Is a free flowing liquid at ambient temperatures.
ii. Obtained by processing bitumen and water
under controlled conditions through a colloidal
mill together with selected additives.
iii. Bitumen emulsions can be of two types cationic
& anionic.
iv. Anionic bitumen emulsion are generally not used
in road construction. Anionic bitumen emulsions
dont give good performance with siliceous.
v. Cationic bitumen with siliceous aggregate far
more popular than anionic and give good
performance.
E) MODIFIED BITUMEN
i. Modified bitumen are bitumen with additives.
ii. These additives help in further enhancing the
properties of bituminous pavements.
iii. Pavements contructed with modified bitumen
are last longer.
TAR
Coal tar is brown or black liquid of extremely high
viscosity.
Tar refers to the substance obtained from variety
of organic materials.
Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum,
or peat.
It is black and a mixture of hydrocarbons and
free carbon.
CEMENT
Portland cement is the chief ingredient in
cement paste the binding agent in
portland cement concrete (PCC).
It is a hydraulic cement, when combined
with water, hardens into a solid mass.
Portland cement has been used for well
over 175 years.
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcing steel keeps providing high level of
load.
When transverse cracks are kept tight, aggregate
interlock also transmits the shear force across the
crack.
Transverse reinforcing steel is used to provide
support for longitudinal cracks tight if they occur.
This can be in the form of deformed reinforcing
bars or thick wire mesh.