Fire Alarm

presentation
Alatheer Group
Projects Department
Eng. Muhammad Eid Qusaybatie

 Fire systems importance.

Variation of inputs and outputs.
Variation of systems:

Fire alarm.
Voice alarm system.
Fire telephone.
Fire extinguishing.
Extinguishing materials.

Introduction

Places: normal rooms and corridors.

Ionized detectors.
Optical detectors.
Supply: 24 V dc.
Contact: N/O.
Area: 80sqm.
Height: 6m.

Devices smoke detector

Places: kitchens, parking, machines,..etc.

Fixed detectors (54C - 74C).
R/R detectors (6C per min).
Supply: 24 V dc.
Contact: N/O.
Area: 30sqm.
Height: 6 m.

Devices heat detector

Places: special places.

Optical smoke.
R/R heat.
Supply: 24 V dc.
Contact: N/O.
Area: 30sqm.
Height: 6 m.

Devices multi detector

Places: flame production.

Ultraviolet detector.
Supply: 24 V dc .
Contact: N/O.
Detection angle: 80.
Flame: 3 cm.
Height: 6 m.

Devices flam detector

Places: stores, warehouses,..etc.

Infrared transceiver.
Supply: 24 V dc .
Contact: N/O.
Detection range: 50 100 m.
Detection width: 6 m.
Height: more than 6 m.

Devices beam detector

Places: gas stores, kitchens,..etc.

LPG detector: wall mount.
Natural gas detector: ceiling mount.
Coal detector: ceiling mount.
Supply: 24 V dc .
Contact: N/O.

Devices gas detector

Places: heating and ventilation ducts.

Optical smoke detector + housing.
Sampling tube between housing and duct.
Supply: 24 V dc .
Contact: N/O.
Air flow: 0.5 20 m/sec.
Tube length: 0.5 3 m.

Devices duct detector

Places: exits and stairs.

Manual push.
No glass breaking.
Resettable by a special key.
Supply: 24 V dc .
Contact: N/O.
Installation height 135 cm.

Devices manual call point

Used with addressable system.

Monitor the contact of any equipment.
Connect any system to FACP.
Zone monitor: connects the conventional
detectors to an addressable loop.
Supply: 24 V dc .
Contact monitored: N/O, N/C.

Devices input modules

Used with addressable system.

Connect any system to FACP.
Supervised output or relay output.
Control module: runs the conventional sounders
from an addressable loop.
Supply: 24 V dc .
Contact output: N/O, N/C.

Devices output modules

Places: corridors, stairs and outdoor.

Visual indication devices.
Sounder alarm devices.
Both sounder and strobe.
Sounder bases.
Supply: 24 V dc .
Consumption: 35 65 mA.
Output: 100 dB @ 1 m.

Devices sounder & strobe

Places: with alarm devices.

A simple electrical device.
Detector base or module.
Electrical isolation with LED indication.
Sometimes it is built in the devices.
Number of devices: 10 30.
Supply: passive device.

Devices circuit isolator

Places: long distance from FACP.

LCD display same like FACP.
Local sounder.
Provides remote control of system.
RS-485 connection with FACP.
Connected with more than FACP
Supply: 220 Vac + batteries.

Devices repeater panel

Places: general, reception,..etc.

A special kind of repeater panel.
LED display on a drawing printed on a panel.
Electronically programmable.
Fault indication
RS-232 connection with FACP.
Supply: 24 Vdc.

Devices mimic panel

Places: control rooms.

Real time software.
Blinking for active components.
Supervise and control.
Event log.
RS-232 connection with FACP.

Devices graphical interface

 Addressable and conventional systems.

Wired and wireless systems.
Digital and Analog systems.

I Fire alarm systems

 Intelligent control panels provided with LCD

display, printer and event log.
Programmable zones, C&E equations.
Each device has a unique address via control panel,
dip switch or hand-held programmer.
Loop length and capacity are important parameters.
Loop connection between devices:
Class A: closed line, larger number of devices.
Class B: open line.

Addressable system

 FACP is provided with LEDs for fire and fault.

Physical zones, open line ended by EOL.
Ohm detection method:

EOL = normal state.

0 = short cable fault.
= cut cable fault.
< ELO= alarm state.

Special 24 Vdc outputs for sirens ended by EOL.

25 35 devices per zone and 7 10 siren per
output.

Conventional system

 Used in special cases.

Requires a special module that wirily connected
with FACP and also connected with the wireless
devices (detectors, call points and sirens).
Wireless connection made by radio signal.
Frequency rage: 868 870 MHz
Communication modulation: FSK.
Wireless distance: 200 m in open area.

Wireless system

 The deference between analog and digital system is

related to:
Detecting methods.
Networking (in addressable system).
A/D and D/A convertors (in addressable system).

Analog system features:

Reliability.
Quality.
Latest technologies (Fuzzy Logic, ProFiBus,..).
Standardization.

Analog system

Compatible with addressable fire alarm system.

Manual and automatic control of amplifiers.
Able to store messages and events.
High quality speakers.
Microphones and recorders on input.
Fire cable is recommended.

II Voice alarm system

 A special system that allows an emergency call

with an operator (maintenance cases).
2-way voice communication.
Central control unit that connected to handsets.
Each handset occupy a zone on the panel.
There are fixed handset and socket for mobile
handset. In addition to speaker outstation.

III Fire telephone system

Place: data centers, money rooms, ..etc.

2 conventional zones, each has 2 detectors.
Cross wiring to achieve double knock control.
Automatic and manual extinguishing control.
Special devices: call point, indicator and relay.

IV Fire extinguishing system

 Water sprinkles.
Inert gases (Nitrogen, CO, CO2).
FM200 (hyptafloroproban C3HF7):
Non conductive and safe for humans.
Non ozone depleting, not effected by temperature.
Produces hydrogen florid absorb O2 from air.

NOVEC 1230 (replacement of Halon 1301):

Has chemical reactivity while FM200 doesnt.
Interaction with body more than FM200.
Boiling liquid (48C) increase the possibility of
discharge ineffective in civil aviation applications.

V Extinguishing materials

 Factors: environment, safety, space and budget.

Atmospheric life time:
NOVEC1230 = 5 days.
FM200 = 37 years.
CO2 = 0 days.

Working pressure:
NOVEC 1230 = FM200 = 25 bar.
CO2 = 60 bar.

A 200 m3 room requires:

126 kg, 1 x 147 L of FM200.
156 kg, 1 x 180 L of NOVEC 1230.
260 kg, 6 x 50 L of CO2.

V Extinguishing materials

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