WATER

TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
MIRA RAHAYU
23405017

Introduction
The water transportation system may be viewed narrowly or broadly.
Narrowly, it is the business of shipping lines, terminal operators, and
port authorities. More broadly, it has major impacts both direct and
indirect on the economies and intermodal transportation systems of
every state. Many states depend on low-cost, reliable inland water
transportation for the shipment and receipt of goods. Other states
And Their industries depend on efficient access to international
markets and suppliers via the nations deepwater seaports.

MTS Critical Issue

1. Intermodal Systems Integration (channels/locks/dams,
terminals, highways, rail)
2. Security Needs
3. Environmental Challenges and Responses
4. Emerging Technologies and Information Applications
5. Globalization Impacts
6. Innovative Logistics (short sea shipping/container on barge,
etc.)
7. Partnership Opportunities
8. Financing Sources and Limitations

The Principle of MTS

The MTS contains physical elements
1. waterways,
2. ports, and
3. the network of railroads,
4. roadways, and
5. pipelines that connect the waterborne
6. the vessels and vehicles that move goods and people

Principal Component of Marine

Transportation System
The principal components of the U.S. marine transportation system are:
1. Waterways include the navigable waters of the United States and associated
infrastructure(for example, locks, bridges, aids to navigation) that vessel traffic
uses;
2. Ports contain marine transportation facilities where vessels transfer cargo and
passengers, and include recreational access facilities and shipyards;
3. Intermodal connections are linkages at the land-water boundary that allow the
transfer of cargo and passengers between transportation modes. Intermodal
connections include pipelines, road,and rail access routes;
4. Vessels and vehicles are the transportation equipment that moves goods and
people within the system and include oceangoing, coastal, and inland vessels,
trains and trucks;
5. MTS users are the people who depend on the system for their livelihood and
recreational access.

Waterways
The waterways portion of the U.S. MTS consists of:
Harbor channels;
Inland and intracoastal waterways; and
Locks and dams.
The U.S. deep-water port system includes more than 300
Federal harbor channel projects. There are 51 ports with depths
greater than or equal to 40 feet. The 25 ports most active in
foreign trade
have depths of at least 40 feet.

Inland and Intracoastal

Waterways
1.
2.
3.
4.

There are about 25,000 miles of inland, intracoastal, and coastal

waterways and channels in the United States.
12,000 miles of networkconstitute the commercially active inland
and intracoastal waterway system.
This network includes 10,867 miles of fuel-taxed inland
waterway system.
Fuel-axed waterways comprise nearly all of the commercially
significant inland and intracoastal waterways in the U.S.

Locks and Dams structures

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Allow vessels to move up or down one level when traveling navigable

waterways with different water levels.
There are 192 commercially active lock sites, with 238 chambers in the
Federal navigation system. Of these,
171 lock sites with 215 chambers are in segments designated as fuel-taxed
waterways.
Lock and tow sizes are critical factors in the amount of cargo that can pass
through a lock in a given period of time.
Locks may vary in width and length based on their location (for example, in a
major river or tributary) and their age (for example, by 2000, 44 percent of the
chambers will be more than 50 years old).

Port Facility
The two major types of port
facilities are:
1. Deep-draft seaport and
Great Lakes port facilities;
and
2. Inland river and intracoastal
waterways port facilities.

U.S. Ports Handling More Than 10 Million

Tons in 1997

The U.S. Marine Transportation

System users include:
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Carriers and cargo owners of the more than 2 billion tons of

domestic and international freight pass through the system
annually.
134 million passengers who travel each year by ferry.
78 million Americans who use the system for recreational
boating annually.
Annually more than 5 million cruise ship passengers.
Commercial fishers operate 110,000 boats that contribute $111
billion to the U.S. economy.

The marine transportation system

serves
The marine transportation system serves five functions:
Provides a global gateway to world markets and for military
mobilization;
Provides domestic transportation of goods and passengers;
Supports recreational uses;
Supports other commercial uses; and
Supports local economic development and creates jobs.

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Two systems support the U.S. MTS:
Information systems are communication and information
systems that collect, store, retrieve, analyze, and
disseminate information required by all MTS
stakeholders and users; and
Management systems are the multiple and diverse
systems that currently exist to direct and manage the
MTS.

Type Of Carriers

1.
2.
3.
4.

Jaringan sistem pelayaran angkutan laut dan kepelabuhan yang

didasarkan pada 4th gate Way Ports System:
Gate Way Port
Regional Collector Port
Trunk Port
Feeder Port

Macam Macam Pelabuhan

Persyaratan umum
pelabuhan
1. Hubungan yang mudah anatara transportasi
air dan darat
2. Pelabuhan berada di suatu lokasi yang
mempunyai daerah belakng subur dengan
populasi penduduk yang cukup padat
3. Pelabuhan harus mempunyai kedalaman air
dan lebar alur yang cukup
4. Kapal kapal yang mencapai pelabuhan
harus bisa membuang sauh selama
menunggu untuk merapat
5. Pelabuhan harus mempunyai fasilitas untuk
bongkar muat
6. Pelabuhan harus mempunyai fasilitas untuk
mereparasi kapal - kapal

Lokasi dan lebar mulut

Pelabuhan
Rumus stevenson
Dimana :
Hp : tinggi gelombang di titik P di dalam
pelabuhan (m)
H : tinggi gelombang di mulut
pelabuhan (m)
b : lebar mulut (m)
B : lebar kolam pelabuhan di titik P,
yaitu panjang busur
lingkungan
D : jarak dari mulut ke titik P

Hp H

b
b
4
0.0027 D (1 )
B
B

Pengaruh Pembangunan pelabuhan

terhadap pantai disekitarnya
Pembangunan pelabuhan di pantai terbuka dilakukan
dengan membuat pemecah gelombang yang menjorok ke
arah laut. Bangunan tersebut menyebabkan terhalangnya
transpor sedimen sepanjang pantai, sehingga terjadi
pengendapan

Layout Alur Pelayaran

Alur Pelayaran digunakan
untuk mengarahkan kapal yang
akan masuk ke kolam
pelabuhan. Alur pelayaran ini
ditandai dengan alat bantu
yang berupa pelampung dan
lampu - lampu

Ukuran ukuran pada transportasi air

DPL (ukuran isi tolak)

Volume air yang dipindahkan oleh kapal dan sama dengan berat
kapal

Diplacement Tonnage Loaded

berat kapal maksimum

Diplacement Tonnage Light

ukuran isi tolak dalam keadaan kosong

Deadweight Tonnage (DWT)

berat total muatan di mana kapal dapat mengangkut dalam

keadaan pelayran optimal

Gross register tons (ukuran isi kotor)

volume keseluruhan ruangan kapal (1GRT = 2.83m3 = 100 ft 3

Netto register tons (NRT)

ruangan yang disediakan untuk muatan dan penumpang, b

besarnya sam,a dengan GRT dikurangi ruangan-ruiangan yang
digunakan untuk nakhoda.

sarat (draft)

bagian kapal yang terendam air pada keadaan muatan

maksimum, jarak antara garis air pada beban yang direncanakan
dengan titik terendah kapal

Panjang total ( length overall, Loa)

Panjang kapal dihitung dari ujung depan (haluan) sampai ujung b

elakang (buritan)

Panjang garis air (length perpendiculars,

Lpp)

Panjang antara kedua ujung design load water line

Lebar kapal (beam)

jarak maksimum antara dua sisi kapal

Karakteristik Kapal
Panjang
Lebar (m) Draft (m)
Loa(m)
Kapal Penumpang (GRT)
500
51
10.2
2.9
1000
68
11.9
3.6
2000
88
13.2
4
3000
99
14.7
4.5
5000
120
16.9
5.2
8000
142
19.2
5.8
10000
154
20.9
6.2
15000
179
22.8
6.8
20000
198
24.7
7.5
30000
230
27.5
8.5
Kapal barang (DWT)
700
58
9.7
3.7
1000
64
10.4
4.2
2000
81
12.7
4.9
3000
92
14.2
5.7
5000
109
16.4
6.8
8000
126
18.7
8
10000
137
19.9
8.5
15000
153
22.3
9.3
20000
177
23.4
10
30000
186
27.1
10.9
40000
201
29.4
11.7
50000
216
31.5
12.4

Bobot

Panjang
Lebar (m) Draft (m)
Loa(m)
Kapal Penumpang (GRT)
20000
162
24.9
9.8
30000
185
28.3
10.9
40000
204
30.9
11.8
50000
219
33.1
12.7
60000
232
35
13.6
70000
244
36.7
14.3
80000
255
38.3
14.9
Kapal Barang curah (DWT)
10000
140
18.7
8.3
15000
157
21.5
9
20000
170
23.7
9.8
30000
192
27.3
10.6
40000
208
30.2
11.4
50000
222
32.6
11.9
70000
244
37.8
13.3
90000
250
38.5
14.5
100000
275
42
16.1
150000
313
44.5
18
Kapal Peti Kemat (DWT)
20000
201
27.1
10.6
30000
237
30.7
11.6
40000
263
33.5
12.4
50000
280
35.8
13

Bobot

Jenis Kapal pada transportasi air

1.
2.

Kapal Penumpang
Kapal Barang
Kapal barang umum
(General cargo ship)
Kapal kargo curah (bulk
cargo ship)
Kapal tanker
Kapal Khusus

Cargo Operations:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Container vessels account for 121 million metric tons.

Roll-on/roll-off vessels are used for military mobilization,
as well as to carry vehicles.
Bulk vessels, which carry commodities such as
petroleum, coal, and grain, account for 532 million metric
tons.
Breakbulk vessels (for such commodities as steel and
lumber) account for 414 million metric tons.

General Cargo Ship

Kapal jenis ini antara lain:
1. Kapal yang membawa peti kemas
yang mempunyai ukuran yang telah
distandarisasi. Berat masing
masing peti kemas antara 5 ton
sampai 40 ton. Peti kemas yang
paling panjang mempunyai panjang
300 m untuk 3600 peti kemas
berukuran 20 ft (6m)
2. Kapal dengan bongkar muat secara
horizontal (rool-on/roll-off) untuk
transpor truk, mobil dsb

Bulk Cargo Ship

Kapal ini digunakan untuk mengangkut muatan curah
dalam jumlah banyak. Muatan curah ini bisa beras,
gandum, batu bara, bijih besi dsb. Kapal jenis ini yang
terbesar mempunyai kapasitas 175.000 DWT dengan
panjang 330 m, lebar 48.5m dan sarat 18.5m
KAPAL CAMPURAN (obo= Ore Bulk-Oil)
mempunyai kapasitas 260.000 DWT

Kapal Tanker
Kapal ini digunakan untuk
mengangkut minyak. Berat yang
bisa diangkut bervariasi. Kapal
terbesar bisa mencapai 555.000
DWT.

Distribution of Ton Miles by type of

water Used

Reference:
The Desired State of the U.S. Marine Transportation
System in 2020
The Marine Transportation System
WWW.Wikipedia.com
EPA and the Marine Transportation System
WWW.Inaport2.co.id

TERIMA KASIH