MODULE 1: GENDER

SENSITIVITY

SEX
Given
Male

at birth

or Female

GENDER
Culturally

and
socially dictated
Masculine

Permanent
Constant

even in
different countries
Constant even in
different times

What you were

born with

or

Feminine

Variable
Differ

in societies
Differ at times

What happens
afterwards

MOST OFTEN

Our gender roles is dictated by our sex.

Biological Determinism
Biological differences between women and
men dictate a difference in social roles and
personality.

Assignment of roles, responsibilities and

characteristics put men and women in a box
that limited their capacity to learn and grow as
individuals.

Ano ngayon ang naging

implikasyon ng
ASSIGNMENT NG ROLES,
RESPONSIBILITIES AND
CHARACTERISTICS NA
ITO SA BABAE AT LALAKI?

Created double standards and

gender division of labor
assignment

of specific roles,
characteristics and responsibilities

Resulted to gender issues clearly

manifested in our gender biases
against men and women.

GENDER BIASES

Cultural beliefs
Perceptions
Practices,
Values,
Roles,
Attitudes and
Structural arrangements

that favor one sex

over the other, not
on the basis of
individual
merits
but on what society
recognizes
as
having
greater
value

MANIFESTATION OF
GENDER BIASES
Marginalization
Subordination
Stereotyping
Gender Division of Labor
Multiple Burden
Violence Against Women

GENDER ISSUES
Problems

and concerns that arise from the

unequal status of women and men as a
result of our gender biases.
in and perpetuated by laws,
policies, procedures, systems, programs,
projects and activities of government.
Reflected

ACTIVITY: ANALYZING EFFECTS

OF GENDER BIASES

Manifestation of

Resulting Gender Issues

Gender Bias

Family

Marginalization (not
giving value to womens
contributions
Subordination
(women
are always
looked at as a follower)
Gender Stereotyping
(giving automatic labels
to women and men)
Gender Division of
Labor

(allocation

of

socially and culturally

appropriate roles and
responsibilities to men
and women)

Workplace

Manifestation of

Resulting Gender Issues

Gender Bias

Family

Multiple Burden
(giving women
reproductive and
productive roles)
Violence
Women

Against
(women

are

being abused because of

the subordinate status
they occupy in the family
and the community)

Workplace

Manifestation of
Gender Biases

Resulting Gender Issues

Men

Marginalization

Women
inferior

Limited opportunity to
perform nurturing
functions kasi abala sa
paghahanap-buhay

Household work of
women are largely taken
for granted seen as
natural functions;
limited access to
promotion
2nd voice; rarely
asked/consulted for
opinion, given leadership
position
Work output not given
much value

Manifestation of
Gender Biases

Resulting Gender Issues

Men

Subordination
Must be a good leader,
if not, being humiliated

Women
Will not accept certain
designation/responsibilities
Supportive roles; limited
decision making
Disciple; rarely consulted in
decision making
Suggestions ignored most of
the time

Manifestation of
Gender Biases

Resulting Gender Issues

Men

Gender Stereotyping

Women
indecisive

Provider if not able to

provide? belittled

Subordinate; limited
opportunity; lots of
restrictions
Words are unsubstantial;
lame duck

Under de saya kapag

gumagawa ng mga
household chores

Less capability to do
tactical leadership

Manifestation of
Gender Biases

Gender division of labor

Resulting Gender Issues

Men
Authority/manager

Heavier tasks
Earner; chief

Women
Helpmate/companion
Limited work
capacity/job description
Weak to take on
strenuous activities
Housekeeper; secretaries
Request to be assigned
near the family

Manifestation of
Gender Biases

Resulting Gender Issues

Men

Multiple Burden
Lesser time to raise
children more output
sa work
Limited time for home
service
Less time to go on leave
to look after the familys
concerns

Women
Multiple household
tasks
Attitude of children if
bad blamed to mother
Multi-tasking
Sisante

Follow instructions given

by men

Manifestation of
Gender Biases

Violence

Resulting Gender Issues

Men
Degrading comments

Women
Degrading comments

lowest mammal
Verbal abuse

harassment
Financial exploitation;
harassment
Battered wife; verbal
abuse, emotional
pressure

Assignment
of
roles,
responsibilities
and
characteristics put men and women in a box that
limited their capacity to learn and grow as individuals.

Ano ngayon ang naging

implikasyon ng
ASSIGNMENT NG ROLES,
RESPONSIBILITIES AND
CHARACTERISTICS NA
ITO SA BABAE AT LALAKI?

Created double standards and gender

division of labor
assignment

of specific roles,
characteristics and responsibilities

Resulted to gender issues clearly

manifested in our gender biases
against men and women.

GENDER ISSUES
Problems

and concerns that arise from the

unequal status of women and men as a
result of our gender biases.
in and perpetuated by laws,
policies, procedures, systems, programs,
projects and activities of government.
Reflected

FAMILY CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES

SECTION 4. OWNERSHIP,
ADMINISTRATION, ENJOYMENT AND
DISPOSITION OF COMMUNITY
PROPERTY
Art. 96. The Administration and enjoyment of
the community property shall belong to both
spouses jointly. In case of disagreement,
the husbands decision shall prevail,
subject to recourse to the court by the
wife for a proper remedy

TITLE IX PARENTAL
AUTHORITY

Art. 211. The father and the mother shall jointly

exercise parental authority over the persons of their
common children. In case of disagreement, the
fathers decision shall prevail, unless there is
a judicial order to the contrary.

CHAPTER 4. EFFECT OF PARENTAL

AUTHORITY UPON THE PROPERTY
OF THE CHILDREN

Art. 225. The father and the mother

shall jointly exercise legal guardianship
over the property of their unemancipated
common child without the necessity of a
court appointment.
In case of
disagreement, the fathers decision
shall prevail, unless there is a
judicial order to the contrary.

REVISED
PENAL CODE

ADULTERY (ART. 333) VS. CONCUBINAGE

(ART. 334)

Who are guilty of

adultery

Adultery
is
committed
by
any
married woman who
shall
have
sexual
intercourse with a man
not her husband and
by the man who has
carnal knowledge
of
her, knowing her to be
married
Adultery
shall be punished by
prision correccional in
its
medium
and
maximum periods.

Concubinage

Any husband who

shall keep a mistress in
the conjugal dwelling,
or shall have sexual
intercourse
under
scandalous
circumstances, with a
woman who is not his
wife, or shall cohabit
with her in any other
place,
shall
be
punished by prision
correccional
in
its
minimum and medium
periods.

DIFFERENCES:

PENALTY
prision correccional

Adultery:
in

its medium and

maximum periods

Concubinage:
in

its minimum and

medium periods

DIFFERENCES:
COMMISSION OF THE CRIME

Adultery:

Single
sexual
intercourse
may
constitute a crime.

Concubinage:

A married man is liable

only when he does any
of the following acts:

By keeping a mistress in
the conjugal dwelling;
By
having
sexual
intercourse
under
scandalous
circumstances with a
woman not his wife;
By cohabiting with her
in any other place.

ART. 202. VAGRANTS &

PROSTITUTES

. For purposes of this article, women, who for

money or profit, habitually indulge in sexual
intercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to
be prostitutes.
Amended by RA 101518
Vagrancy

is no longer a crime BUT

Definition of prostitutes remain the same

TOTAL EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL

LIABILITY
Art.

89. How criminal liability is totally

extinguished. Criminal liability is totally
extinguished:
7. By the marriage of the offended woman, as provided in
Article 334 of this Code.

Art. 334, last par.: In cases of Seduction, Abduction, Rape

and Acts of Lasciviousness (SARA), the marriage of the
offender with the offended party shall extinguished the
criminal action or remit the penalty already imposed.

Men and women have a STAKE in

a struggle in removing gender
inequalities.

Men and women have a STAKE in

a struggle in removing gender
inequalities.

42