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Hypothesis Testing on the Mean


Hypothesis Testing on Variance
Hypothesis Testing on Standard
Deviation

Hypothesis
Testing

General Procedure for Hypothesis testing


Step
1:
Step
2:
Step
3:
Step
4:
Step
5:
Step
6:
Step
7:
Step

Determine the Parameter of Interest


State the Null Hypothesis
State the Alternative Hypothesis
Determine Alpha
Determine Test Statistic
Determine Rejection Region
Compute Test Statistic
Conclude

Hypothesis
Testing

The similarity of a hypothesis test and a


confidence interval
The acceptance region of a hypothesis test with a given is
the same as that of the 100(1 )% confidence interval
similarly computed given the same data set
More clearly, if the test statistic is outside the computed 100(1
)% confidence interval, the hypothesis is rejected

Hypothesis
Testing

One-sided confidence intervals


A company tests that the burning rate of a certain propellant is
less than 50 centimeters per second and wishes to show this
with a strong conclusion
Ho: = 50

H1: < 50

This satisfies the desired outcome of the experiment


Note that when we fail to reject Ho does not mean that = 50,
but rather we do not have strong evidence to support H1

Hypothesis
Testing

Hypothesis Test on Mean,


Normal Distribution, Variance Known

x o
zo

n
Hypothesis Test on Mean,
Normal Distribution, Variance Unknown

x o
to
s
n

Hypothesis
Testing
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a
certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the
distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

Hypothesis
Testing

Determine the Parameter of Interest


Step
1:
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a

certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the


distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

We are interested in the mean weight of potato


chips

Hypothesis
Testing

State the Null Hypothesis


Step
2:
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a

certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the


distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

Ho: = 101

Hypothesis
Testing

State the Alternative Hypothesis


Step
3:
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a

certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the


distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

H1: 101

Hypothesis
Testing

Determine Alpha
Step
4:
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a

certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the


distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

a = 0.05

Hypothesis
Testing

Determine Test Statistic


Step
5:
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a

certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the


distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

x o
zo

Hypothesis
Testing

Determine Rejection Region


Step
6:
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a

certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the


distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

zo z0.025 1.96

Hypothesis
Testing

Compute Test Statistic


Step
7:
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a

certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the


distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

x o
100.287 101
2.11
zo

1.07
n
10

Hypothesis
Testing

Conclude
Step
8:
Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a

certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the


distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

Since the computed zo is greater than the absolute


value of 1.96, at 5% level of alpha we reject the
null hypothesis
There is a statistically
significant difference on the
actual weight of potato chips and hypothesized
mean

Hypothesis
Testing

Another way to do statistical tests is by using the


p-value

Hypothesis
Testing

P-value
P-value is the smallest level of significance that
would lead to rejection of the null hypothesis

p 2(1 (zo ))

Hypothesis
Testing

Compute for the P-value


Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a
certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the
distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed with population standard deviation of 1.07g. The weight
measurements are found below. Test the hypothesis that the true
mean weight is equal to 101g using a significance level of = 0.05
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

Zo= 2.11
P = 2*(1 Gaussian(-2.11))
P=0.034858

Hypothesis
Testing

Compute for the P-value


If p is low
LET IT GO
If the computed p value is
lower than the alpha
value, the null hypothesis
is rejected

Hypothesis
Testing

GUIDED EXERCISE 1.1


Ten measurements of weight of potato chip packs were done for a
certain manufacturing company. Historical data states that the
distribution of the weight of potato chip packs are normally
distributed. The weight measurements are found below. Test the
hypothesis that the true mean weight is equal to 101g using a
significance level of = 0.05, and find the p-value of the test
statistic
Weight measurements of potato chip
packs
100.12

99.63

98.55

100.36

100.87

102.04

100.78

101.34

99.97

99.21

Hypothesis
Testing
1. The mean weight of potato chips,
2. Ho: = 101 g
3. H1: 101 g
4. a = 0.05
5.

to

x o
s
n

6. Reject when |to|> t0.025,9 = 2.262


x o 100.287 101

2.19
7. to s
1.027992
n
10

8. Since 2.19 < 2.262, we fail to reject Ho at alpha equal to


0.05. There is no significant difference.

Hypothesis
Testing

GUIDED EXERCISE 1.2

Hypothesis
Testing
1. The mean coefficient of restitution,
2. Ho: = 0.82
3. H1: > 0.82
4. a = 0.05
5.

to

x o
s
n

6. Reject when to > t0.05,14 = 1.761


7.

to

x o 0.83725 0.82

2.72
s
0.02456
n
15

8. Since to > 1.761, we reject Ho and conclude at alpha equal to


0.05 the mean coefficient of restitution is greater than 0.82

Hypothesis
Testing

Hypothesis Test on Variance


(n 1)s

o2
2
o

Hypothesis
Testing

GUIDED EXERCISE 1.3


The sodium content of the manufactured potato chips is
assumed to be normally distributed. A random sample of 16
potato chip packs are tested and yielded a variance of 7.5mg2.
If the variance of sodium content lacks or exceeds 8mg2, an
unacceptable proportion of potato chip packs will not comply
with the set nutritional content. Using = 0.05, is there
statistical evidence in the sample data that suggests that the
manufacturer has a problem with complying with the set
nutritional content?

Next Time on IE 27
Hypothesis Testing on Proportion
Computation of Sample Size and Beta

Sourc: Taha

.Fin.

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