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Morpheme
Kinds of
Morpheme
Morphology
Morpheme
Kinds of Morpheme
Free Morpheme :
Morphemes which can occur freely on their own
Bound Morpheme :
Morpheme which can only occur as affixes. It cannot stand by
itself. So, its attached to the free morpheme
e.g. unmanly un+man+ly
b
f
b
meaningless mean+ing+less
f
b
b
Zero Morpheme :
Morpheme which has no phonetic or ouvert realization in the
stream of speech
e.g. sheep I have a sheep
I have two sheep
sheep+
Affixes (1)
There are two types of affixes (based on the kinds of words created)
1. Derivational Affixes
It has two functions
To convert one part of speech to another
e.g. Beauty (n) + ful beautiful (adj)
En + rich (adj) enrich (verb)
To change the meaning of the root (class maintaining)
e.g. friend (n) + ship friendship (n)
ex + terminate (v) exterminate (v)
2. inflectional Affixes
The function is to indicate grammatical meaning such as tense or number.
(never change the part of speech)
e.g. Book (n) + -s books
John (n) + s Johns
Foot + vowel change feet
Sing (V) + -s sings
Thin (adj) + -er thinner
Characters of Derivational
Suffix
Affixes (2)
There are three kinds of affixes (Based on
the position)
Prefix
e.g. un-, in-, dis-, pre-, etc
Infix
e.g. kuning kemuning (ind)
Suffix
e.g. ment, -al, -s, etc
Aya's prop/Int to Lin
Allomorph
Morphological Realization
Rules
Morphemes are realized by one of four Morphological realization rules;
Agglutinative Rule
Two morphemes are realized by Morphs which remain distinct and are simply
glued together
e.g. {BOOK}+{pl}>books
{WORK}+{past}>worked
Fusional Rule
Two morphemes are realized by morphs which do not remain distinct but are
fused together
e.g. {TOOTH}+{pl}>teeth
{WRITE}+{past}>wrote
Null Realization Rule
A morpheme is never realized as a morph in any word of relevant class
e.g. {sg} on nouns which never has concrete realization in
english
{WORK}+{pres}>work
Zero Rule
A morpheme is realized as a zero morph in particular members of a word class
e.g. {SHEEP}+{pl}>sheep
{PUT}+{Past}>put