Course Plan ICT Sem-1 BEC

Course plan
Subject : Basic Electric circuits(ICT 102)

Teaching plan per week
3 lecture-periods
Most lectures in tutorial mode
Must bring calculator for every lecture
Two weeks devoted to project
presentations
Copyright 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Text Book
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

9th Edition
Richard C. Dorf and James A. Svoboda
Chapters 1 to 10 complete
Parts of 11th chapter
Syllabus
Electric circuit variables;

Circuit elements :
Resistive circuits:
Methods of analysis of resistive circuits:
Circuit theorems :
The operational amplifier :
Energy storage elements :
Response of RLC circuits :
Sinusoidal steady state.
Power calculations.
Evaluation
Attendance 5%
less than 50 % : 0 : 50-59 ; 1: 60-69 ;2
70-79 ; 3: 80-89;4 : 90-100 : 5
Quizzes
20 %
Two Quizzes
Mid semester test 30%
End semester test 30%
Project 15 %
Project
Electrical wiring design (Home, theater,malletc)

8 Students in a team
Sequence of work for project.
Team building workshop
A lecture on the project.
Team compositions
(1) Theory (2) Practice
(3) Communication (4) Social skills
Project
Presentations as and when declared.
Preparing the layout-design
Report writing
Presentation of final design &
Submission of report
Teams for lab project
For lab two divisions of around 60 each

Team of 4 for lab project
Team of 2 for lab experiments
Chapter 1
Units
Electric circuit variables
Current
Voltage
Power
Energy
Problem solving
Design and analysis
International system of units

(SI units)
SI base units
Tab_1-3-1
Standards of units of measurements
Measurements done at different places and

times should be comparable
Standards are needed
Early standards were physical objects that
defined the unit as one of the physical
properties
Standard bars for kg and meter and a
standard candle
Properties change with time
Atomic standards are the best
Derived Units in SI
Tab_1-3-2
Tab_1-3-3
Examples
1 MHz = ? Hz
106 Hz
1 F
=?F
10-6 Farad
1 K = ?
10 3
1 mH = ? H
10-3 H
1 volt = ? V
106 V
1 A = ? mA
103 mA
Example 1.3-1 SI units

A mass of 150 grams
experiences a force of 100
newtons. Find the energy or
work expended if the mass
moves 10 cms. Also find the
power if the mass completes
its move in 1 millisecond
Solution to example 1.3-1

Energy = Force x distance
= 100 x 0.1 = 10 joules
Note that the distance is in meters
Power = Energy/Time period
= 10/10-3
= 104 joules/second
= 104 watts
= 10 kwatts
Exercise 1.3-1
is largest ?
i1 = 45 A : i2 = .03x103 = 30 A
i3 = 25x10-4x 106 = 2500 A
i3 is the largest
Electrical circuit
Electrical elements connected together

Used in
Generation, transmission and
consumption of electric power and
energy
Storage , transmission and processing of
information
Fig_1-2-1
Fig_1-2-2
Charge on electron
- 1.602x10-19 coulombs
-1 coulomb is the charge on 6.24x1018
electrons
Electrons flow from ve terminal of
battery to +ve terminal
Conventionally direction of current is
taken from +ve to ve terminal
Charge and current

calculations
dq
i
: If charge is given i can be calculated
dt
We also have
t
id
id q(0)
0
Where q(0) is the charge at t 0

So if i is given q can be calculated
Fig_1-2-3
Nature of current
Direct current ; this is a current of

constant magnitude
Battery connected to resistors
Time varying current
Circuit connected to mains
Charging of a capacitor
Discharging of a capacitor
A direct current of magnitude I
Fig_1-2-4
Examples of time varying current
Fig_1-2-5
Exercise 1.2-1
Find the charge that has entered the

element by time t when
i = 8t2-4t A
Assume q(t) = 0 for t < 0
Solution to exercise 1.2-1
Exercise 1.2-2
Solution to Exercise 1.2-2
Voltage
In a battery electrons move from ve

terminal to +ve terminal.
To maintain the +ve charge on the
terminal the electrons reaching it should
be removed
This is done by chemical reaction in the
battery
To take an electron away from the +ve
terminal some work has to be done.
Analogy
Work done/Unit charge
Voltage is defined as the work done to

move a +ve charge of 1 coulomb from
negative terminal of battery to +ve
terminal
Unit of energy (Work) is joule
So voltage is joule/coulomb
General equation for voltage is
dw
v
dq
Fig_1-4-1
Power and Energy
A light bulb absorbs energy from source

The rate of absorbing the energy is
called power
dw
p
dt
Where p is power in watts , w is energy in joules
and t is time in sec onds
Significance of power and

energy
A light bulb is specified in terms of its

power
A 300 watt bulb gives more light than
100 watt bulb
Energy absorption will depend on power
and time both as it is obtained by
integrating power over the given time
period
Your electric bill depends on the energy
consumed.
Power in terms of voltage and current
dw dw dq
p
.
v.i
dt
dq dt
Power absorption and Power Supplied
When current enters the + ve

terminal, power is absorbed by the
element
When the current leaves the + ve

terminal the element supplies power
Power absorbed
= - power supplied
Exercise 1.5-1
Figure E 1.5-1 shows four circuit elements
identified by the letters A, B, C, and D.
(a) Which of the devices supply 12 W?
(b) Which of the devices absorb 12 W?
(c) What is the value of the power received by
device B?
(d) What is the value of the power delivered by
device B?
(e) What is the value of the power delivered by
device D?
Problem types
Two types
Problems with unique solutions
Problems with more than one solution
Example
Problem with unique solution

A battery across a bulb
Voltage is known
Wattage of bulb known
Find the resistance
W = V2/R ; R = V2/W
Problem with non-unique

solution
A battery across a bulb

Wattage rating is specified
Find out the battery voltage and the
resistance
Now we have a equation W = V2/R
W is known but V and R are unknown
One equation but two unknowns
Assume one and calculate the other
Many pairs of V and R will satisfy the
equation
Analysis problems
Sources and circuit is known

Find the voltage or current through a
given element
Unique solution
A simple problem in
analysis
V1 = 10 volts
R1 = 10 kohms
R2 = 10 kohms
Find V2
V2 = 5 volts
V2 = V1.R2/(R1+R2)
A more general problem
More complicated circuit

Many simultaneous equations
Equations solved to get the required
voltage or current
Design
One example
V1 = 1 volt
V2 = 0.5 volt
Input and output is known
Many solutions
Find the circuit
R1=R2= 1kohm
R1=R2=10kohm
R1 = R2 = 100 kohms
A more involved design
Output is often user defined

Audio amplifier for PA system
P0 = 30 watts
Good quality
Designer has to chose the
Gain
Frequency response
IC or transistor
The problem solving

method
Fig_1-6-1
Design cycle
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Get specifications
Design
Analyze
Are specs satisfied? No
yes
Implement
Measure
Are specs satisfied? No
Stop
P1.2-1
Solution to P1.2-1
P1.2-2
Solution to P1.2-2
P1.2-4
Solution to P1.2-4
P 1.2-5
Solution to 1.2-5
P 1.2-6
Solution to 1.2-6
P 1.3-4
Solution to P 1.3-4
P1.5-2
Solution to P1.5-2
P 1.5-4
Solution P 1.5-4
Solution to P1.5-4
Continued
P1.7-1
Solution to 1.7-1

Course Plan ICT Sem-1 BEC

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Course plan

Subject : Basic Electric circuits(ICT 102)

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Electric circuit variables;

Electrical wiring design (Home, theater,malletc)

Teams for lab project

For lab two divisions of around 60 each

International system of units

Standards of units of measurements

Measurements done at different places and

Example 1.3-1 SI units

Solution to example 1.3-1

Electrical elements connected together

Charge and current

Where q(0) is the charge at t 0

Direct current ; this is a current of

A direct current of magnitude I

Examples of time varying current

Find the charge that has entered the

Solution to exercise 1.2-1

Solution to Exercise 1.2-2

In a battery electrons move from ve

Work done/Unit charge

Voltage is defined as the work done to

Power and Energy

A light bulb absorbs energy from source

Significance of power and

A light bulb is specified in terms of its

Power in terms of voltage and current

Power absorption and Power Supplied

When current enters the + ve

When the current leaves the + ve

Problem with unique solution

Problem with non-unique

A battery across a bulb

Sources and circuit is known

A more general problem

More complicated circuit

A more involved design

Output is often user defined

The problem solving

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