Presentation on

Industrial Automation
Using PLC

INTRODUCTION

The project mainly tells about the slicing

of bread that is kept on the conveyor
belt.
An IR SENSOR is placed which will
ultimately sense the bread on the
conveyor belt and energizes the slicing
machine in order to perform the task.

Components

PLC
IR SENSOR
CONVEYOR BELT
MOTOR
SMPS

Block Diagram :

About PLC:

A programmable logic controller, PLC, or

programmable controller is a digital
computer used for automation of
typically industrial electromechanical
processes, such as control of machinery
on factory

Scan Time :

PLC PROGRAMMING :

1.
2.
3.

The term PLC Programming refers to the

method by which user communicates
information with the user.
The three language structures are :
Ladder diagram structure
Boolean language
Functional Chart

Relay type instructions :

These ladder instructions are

arranged to obtain the desired
control logic .

Examine If Closed
Instruction:
This symbol refers to the any
input.
Can be any switch ,pushbutton ,a
contact from a connected output.
Has a bit level one when
examined for an On condition.
The status of bit can be either 0
or 1.

Examine If Open
Instruction
This symbol refers to the any
input.
Can be any switch
,pushbutton ,a contact
from a connected output.
Has a bit level one when
examined for an Off condition.
The status can either be 1 or 0.

Output Energize
Instruction
The processor makes this
instruction true when there
is true path of XIC and XOC
instruction in the rung.
It basically represents the
output that is being
controlled by some
combination of logic inputs.

Output energizes instructionTrue

Switched Mode Power Supply:

An electrical power supply that incorporates a

switching regulator to convert electrical power
efficiently.
It transfers power from a source, to a load, while
converting voltage and current characteristics.

Advantages of SMPS over Linear

Power Supplies:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Lower weight
Smaller size
Higher efficiency
Lower power dissipation
Wide ac input voltage range
Reduced costs

Disadvantages of SMPS:
1. Complexity of the circuit

Block diagram of a SMPS

1. Input rectifier stage:

It is used to convert an ac input to dc. A
SMPS with dc input does not require this
stage. The rectifier produces unregulated dc
which is then passed through the filter circuit.

2. Inverter stage:
The inverter stage converts DC, whether directly from the
input or from the rectifier stage described above, to AC by
running it through a power oscillator, whose output
transformer is very small with few windings at a frequency of
tens or hundreds ofkilohertz.
3. Output transformer:
If the output required is to be isolated from input, the
inverted AC is used to draw the primary windings of a high
frequency transformer. This converts the voltage up or down
to the required output level on its secondary winding.
4. Output rectifier:
If the dc output is required, the ac output from the
transformer is rectified.
5.

Regulation:
Feedback circuit monitors the output voltage and compares it
with the reference voltage.
In our project we are using the SMPS to convert ac to 24 v
dc,which is then used as the power supply for plc.

IR SENSOR

Infrared sensor is used to sense the object.

An emitter is simply an IR led .
The detector is simply an IR photodiode ,
sensetive to the light of same wavelength used
by the IR LED.
When IR light falls on the photodiode, The
resistances and the output voltages, change in
proportion to the magnitude of the light received
by the IR sensor
The output of the sensor will acts as input of the
plc for controlling .
5V Supply is given to the sensor.

Geared DC Motor
Geared DC motors can be defined as an extension of DC motor which already had its Insight details
demystified here. A geared DC Motor has a gear assembly attached to the motor. The speed of
motor is counted in terms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as RPM .The gear
assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing the speed. Using the correct combination of
gears in a gear motor, its speed can be reduced to any desirable figure. This concept where gears
reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque is known as gear reduction. This Insight will
explore all the minor and major details that make the gear head and hence the working of geared
DC motor.
External Structure
At the first sight, the external structure of a DC geared motor looks as a straight expansion over the
simple DC ones.

Internal Structure
On opening the outer plastic casing of the gear head, gear assemblies on the top as well as on
bottom part of the gear head are visible. These gear assemblies are highly lubricated with grease
so as to avoid any sort of wear and tear due to frictional forces. Shown below is the top part of the
gear head. It is connected to rotating shaft and has one gear that allows the rotation. A strong
circular imprint shows the presence of the gear that rotates the gear at the upper portion.

Bottom Gear Assembly

A closer look at the bottom gear assembly shows the structure and connection with other gears.
Gear assemblys association with the motor (bottom gear assembly) can be understood with the
help of the image shown below.
The gear assembly is set up on two metallic cylinders whose working can be called as similar to
that of an axle. A total of three gears combine on these two cylinders to form the bottom gear
assembly out of which two gears share the same axle while one gear comes in between them and
takes
a separate
axle. in form of a small sprocket but since they are not connected by a chain,
The
gears
are basically
they can be termed as duplex gears in terms of a second cog arrangement coaxially over the base.
Among the three gears, two are exactly same while the third one is bigger in terms of the number
of teeth at the upper layer of the duplex gear. The third gear is connected to the gear at the upper
portion of the gear head. The manner in which they are located near the upper part of the gear
head can be seen through the image shown below.
The combination of bottom gear assembly with the upper one can be seen down under.