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HW
Honors
Polar Molecules
Molecular Shape
Molecular Shape
Polarity of Molecules
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l
s
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v
l
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s
s
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Lik
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Hsolute > 0
solute (separated)
solvent (separated)
Hsolvent > 0
solution + heat
Hmix < 0
Equilibrium in a
saturated solution.
solute (undissolved)
solute (dissolved)
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Henrys law
Sgas = kH x Pgas
The solubility of a gas (Sgas) is directly proportional to
the partial pressure of the gas (Pgas) above the solution.
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CO2
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Concentration Units
Molarity
Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of
solution, abbreviated as M.
moles
molesof
of solute
solute(mol)
(mol)
Molarity = M =
liter
liter of
of solution
solution(L)
(L)
20
20.0 g NaOH
250 mL solution
? M (mol/L)
desired quantity
known quantities
20.0 g NaOH
250 mL solutionx
M =
1 mol
40.0 g NaOH
1L
1000 mL
0.25 L solution
0.30 M
0.025 mol glucose
? V(L)
known quantities
desired quantity
1 L solution
0.30 mol glucose
1000 mL
1L
83 mL solution
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Concentration Units
Molality
Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of
solution, abbreviated as m.
moles
molesof
of solute
solute(mol)
(mol)
Molality = m =
kg
kgof
of solvent
solvent (kg)
(kg)
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Calculating Molality
PROBLEM:
SOLUTION:
32.0 g CaCl2 x
271 g H2O
mol CaCl2
110.98 g CaCl2
1 kg
103 g
= 1.06 m CaCl2
0.271 kg H2O
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Concentration Units
Parts Per Million
When a solution contains a very small concentration
of solute, it is often expressed in parts per million.
ppm
106
or
ppm
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106
i-clicker
A sample of seawater contains 1.3 g of
calcium ions in 3,100 kg of solution. What
is the calcium ion concentration of this
solution in units of ppm?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
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