WELCOME

SREE NARAYANA TRAINING COLLEGE

SREEKANDESWARAM POOCHACKAL
B.Ed 2014-15
KERALA UNIVERSITY

Submitted To,
MRS.LINI MOL.K.S
Faculty in Physical science
department
SNTC Poochakkal

Submitted By,
SETHULEKSHMI K R
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
REG NO: 18214383019

CHEMICAL BONDING

CHEMICAL BONDING
A chemical bond is an attraction between
atoms that allows the formation chemical
substances that contain two or more atoms .
The bond is caused by the electrostatic
force of attraction between opposite
charges, either between electrons and
nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction.

A chemical bond forms when the potential

energy of the bonded atoms is less than the
potential energy of the separate atoms
Have to consider following interactions:
nucleus-to-nucleus repulsion
electron-to-electron repulsion
nucleus-to-electron attraction

TYPES OF BONDS
Types of
Atoms
metals to
nonmetals
nonmetals to
nonmetals
metal to
metal

Bond
Type of Bond
Characteristic
Ionic

electrons
transferred

Covalent

electrons
shared

Metallic

electrons
pooled

TYPES OF BONDING

IONIC BONDS
When metals bond to nonmetals, some electrons from
the metal atoms are transferred to the nonmetal atoms
Metals have low ionization energy, relatively easy
to remove an electron from
Nonmetals have high electron affinities, relatively
good to add electrons to
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Electron from Na is
transferred to Cl, this
causes a charge imbalance
in each atom. The Na
becomes (Na+) and the
Cl becomes (Cl-), charged
particles or ions.

COVALENT BOND
Bond formed by the sharing of electrons
Nonmetals have relatively high ionization energies, so it is
difficult to remove electrons from them
When nonmetals bond together, it is better in terms of potential
energy for the atoms to share valence electrons
Potential energy lowest when the electrons are between the
nuclei
Shared electrons hold the atoms together by attracting nuclei of
both atoms

Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

12

Two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons

Oxygen Atom

Oxygen Atom

Oxygen Molecule (O2)

1. Single Covalent Bonds

Two atoms share a pair of electrons
2 electrons
One atom may have more than one single bond

H O H

H O H

F
Tro, Chemistry: A
Molecular Approach

F F

14

2.Double Covalent Bond

Two atoms sharing two pairs of electrons
4 electrons

Tro, Chemistry: A
Molecular Approach

O
O

O
O

O O
15

3.Triple Covalent Bond

Two atoms sharing 3 pairs of electrons
6 electrons

N N

N N

Tro, Chemistry: A
Molecular Approach

16