INTRODUCTION

TO PLC

LADDER LOGIC DIAGRAM

Ladder logic is the main programming method used for PLCs. As
mentioned before, ladder logic has been developed to mimic relay logic.
The decision to use the relay logic diagrams was a strategic one. By
selecting ladder logic as the main programming method, the amount of
retraining needed for engineers and tradespeople was greatly reduced.
Modern control systems still include relays, but these are rarely used for
logic. A relay is a simple device that uses a magnetic field to control a
switch, as pictured in See Simple Relay Layouts and Schematics. When
a voltage is applied to the input coil, the resulting current creates a
magnetic field. The magnetic field pulls a metal switch (or reed)
towards it and the contacts touch, closing the switch. The contact that
closes when the coil is energized is called normally open. The normally
closed contacts touch when the input coil is not energized. Relays are
normally drawn in schematic form using a circle to represent the input
coil. The output contacts are shown with two parallel lines. Normally
open contacts are shown as two lines, and will be open (nonconducting) when the input is not energized. Normally closed contacts
are shown with two lines with a diagonal line through them. When the
input coil is not energized the normally closed contacts will be closed
(conducting).

ADVANTAGES OF PLC CONTROL

SYSTEM

Flexible
Faster response time
Less and simpler wiring
Solid state
Modular design easy to repair and expand
Handles much more complicated system
Allows for diagnostics easy to
troubleshoot
Less expensive

INTRODUCTION
PLC is known as Progrmmable logic controller. PLC also
is a digital operating electronic apparatus which uses a
programmable memory for internal storage of instruction for
implementing specific function such as
logic,sequencing,timing,counting and arithmetic to control
through analog or digital input\output modules various types
of machines or process.
In this experiment,we had 2 task to do and make it perfectly
using plc. In task 1, we were told by our lecturer to make a self
holding program based on data sheet given. We know that in
self holding, we must have a switch button, stop button, or
button, and output\lamp. Furthermore, in task 2, we use some
of PLC program such as timer(TIM), counter(CNT) and buzzer.
See all the figure below:

SELF-HOLDING
--+----[ ]--+----[\]----( )
| start | stop run
|
|
+----[ ]--+
run
-------[ ]--------------( )
run
motor

The above realizes the function: run = ( start OR run ) AND ( NOT stop )
Note the use of parenthesis to group the logical OR function before
evaluating the logical AND function (which has a higher order of
operation priority). Also note the use of NOT to represent the "stop" NC
contact logic.

TIMER AND COUNTER