HEAT

PHYSICS FORM 4
MRSM KUALA KLAWANG

What do you observe?

What is Heat?
Ouch?!!!

When you
touch the
hot pot
what do
you feel?

High
temperature

High heat

Relationship between Temperature and

Heat
Heat

is a form of energy being transferred

from a hot body to a cold body.

The

total amount of heat in a body

depends on the mass, material and
temperature of the body.

Relationship between Temperature

and Heat
Temperature

is a measure of the degree

of hotness of a body.

hot body has a high temperature

whereas a cold body has a low
temperature.

Relationship between Temperature and Heat

TEMPERATURE

HEAT

The degree of hotness of

a body

A form of energy

Base quantity

Derived quantity

Unit: kelvin (K) or degree

celcius (oC)

Unit : joule (J)

Can be measured using

the thermometer.

No specific measuring
equipment.

HEAT
4.1:

UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

Thermal

equilibrium
Liquid in glass thermometer
4.2:

UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

Specific

heat capacity
Applications
4.3:

UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT

4.4: UNDERSTANDING THE GAS LAWS
Boyles
Charles
Pressure

Discussion
Which

has a higher temperature ?

: A steaming cup of tea or a huge
iceberg?

The answer is obvious -- the

tea is at a higher temperature.
But which of the two has more
heat?

The total amount

.
of heat in a body
depends on the
mass, material
and
temperature of
the body

4.1: THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

4.1.1: THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM

Energy is transferred
at a faster rate
from the hotter
object # 1 to the
cooler object #2.
Energy is transferred
at a slower rate
from the cooler
object # 2 to the
hotter object # 1.

The hot object loses energy while the cold

object gains energy.

Thermal equilibrium
This causes the hot
object to cool down
while the cold object
warms up.
After some time, the
rates of energy
transfer between the
two objects become
equal.

The two objects in thermal equilibrium

have the same temperature

Energy Transfer
After some time, the rates of energy transfer
between the two objects become equal.

energy
There is no net heat transfer between the
two objects. The two objects are said to be in
Thermal equilibrium.

Applications of thermal equilibrium

When raw food, e.g. meat
is put in the oven, heat
from
the
oven
is
transferred to it.
This process will continue
until thermal equilibrium
is reached between the
food and the oven.

Electric oven /
microwave oven

The temperature of the

food and the oven will be
the same when the food is
cooked.

Applications of thermal equilibrium

When food are kept in the
refrigerator, the heat from
the food is released to the
cold air in the fridge.
This process continues
until thermal equilibrium is
reached between the food
and the fridge.
The temperature of the
food will be equal to the
temperature of the fridge.

refrigerator

Hence the food are maintained in good condition

Applications of thermal equilibrium

The thermometer is placed below
the
tongue,
so
that
the
thermometer is in contact with
the mouth and tongue of the
patient.
Heat will flow from the patients
tongue to the bulb of the
thermometer
After about a minute, thermal
equilibrium is reached between
the
thermometer
and
the
patients tongue/body.
Taking the temperature of a sick
person

Therefore, the temperature

reading
shows
the
body
temperature of the patient.

4.1.2: THERMOMETER

How a liquid in glass thermometer

works?

Capillary tube

bulb

Heat

will flow from the

tongue to the bulb ,and this
process will continue until TE
is reached.
The thermometer reading
shows the body temperature.

4.2: HEAT CAPACITY

Same volume of
water at different
temperatures.

27oC

100oC

The water which is at

higher temperature
has a greater
quantity of heat
compared with the
water which is at a
lower temperature.

HOT WATER
glass
jug

Hot water in both the glass and the jug.

The water in the jug is hotter to touch compared to the
water in the glass.
The water in the jug has a greater quantity of heat
compared to the water in the glass, because the water in
the jug has a greater mass.

Iron plate

Mica plate

An iron plate and a mica plate of the same mass are put into the
oven.
After half a minute , the iron plate has a greater increase in
temperature compared to the mica plate.
This shows that heat absorbed is dependent on the type of
materials.

Definition
2

factors affecting heat capacities

i) ________________________
ii) ________________________

Specific

Heat capacity: the amount of heat required to

increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by
10C.

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

Amount

of heat , q (joule)
MASS, m (KILOGRAM)
CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE, (0C )
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY, c

c =

Q___
m

Unit : J kg-1 0C-1

Applications of heat capacity

The sparks of a sparkler do not
burn the hand of a person.
However if the person touches
the glowing part of the sparkler,
he/she will get burn.

sparkler

This because the sparks have a

smaller amount of heat
compared to the glowing
sparkler

Applications of heat capacity

A bowl of vegetable soup is too
hot to drink.
However, the vegetable in the
soup can be eaten slowly
although the soup and the
vegetables are of the same
temperature.

A bowl of vegetable
soup

Why?