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Analog to Digital
Conversion
D/A or DAC and
A/D or ADC
Computer (binary)
is digital
V
t
D/A Conversion
A/D Conversion
Computer
Computer
DAC
DAC
8 bits
Compute
r
A/D
Digital to Analog
conversion involves
transforming the
computers binary
output in 0s and 1s
(1s typically = 5.0
volts) into an analog
representation of the
binary data
Resistor values
correspond to binary
weights of the number
D3 D2 D1 D0 , i.e. 1/8,
1/4, 1/2, and 1
Difficulties:
1. This setup requires a wide range of precision
resistors
A 10 bit DAC needs resistors ranging from R to
R/1024.
2. The circuit driving the DAC (usually a computer)
must supply a wide range of currents for a constant
Vout
MSB =
1/2 of Vref
1/4 of Vref
1/8 of Vref
LSB
= 1/16 of Vref
r2rdac.ewb
baseline.ew
b
A/D
Compute
r
0000 0000
5 VOLTS
1111 1111
0111 1111
MS
B
LSB
00000011
00000010
00000001
00000000
. . . . . . . . .
11111111
11111110
11111101
11111100
Voltage (Volts)
Analog Voltage
1 LSB
Resolution (1/2N)
1/64
78.1
1/256
19.6
10
1/1024
4.9
12
1/4096
1.2
14
1/16384
0.3
16
1/65536
0.07
1. Counter Type
2. Integrating or Dual Slope
3. Parallel or Flash
4. Successive Approximation
Counter Type
START
Comparator
Vin
Control Logic
clock
DA C
Counte
r
Digital Output
Comparator
Vin
Control
Logic
clock
DA C
Counte
r
Digital Output
START
Comparator
Vin
Control Logic
clock
DA C
Counte
r
Digital Output
START
Comparator
Vin
Control Logic
clock
DA C
Counte
r
Digital Output
Vin
Vin
Vin
Conversion time
Conv.time
START
Comparator
Vin
Control Logic
clock
DA C
Counte
r
Digital Output
Vin
Track & Hold Logic
Up/Down
Counter
DA C
Digital Output
clock
Vin
-Vref
cloc
k
Control logic
Counte
r
Digital Output
integrator
comparator
Vin
-Vref
cloc
k
Control logic
Counte
r
Digital Output
Vin
-Vref
cloc
k
Control logic
Counte
r
Digital Output
Vin
-Vref
cloc
k
Control logic
overflow
Counte
r
Digital Output
Integrator Output
Voltage
charging up
the capacitor
fixed time
measured
time
Flash Converters
Successive-Approximation A/D
analog
input
D/A
Converter
Vref
Digital
Outpu
t Data
comparat
or
STRT
Successive
Approximation
Register
cloc
k
Successive-Approximation A/D
analog
input
D/A
Converter
Vref
Digital
Outpu
t Data
comparat
or
STRT
Successive
Approximation
Register
cloc
k
Successive-Approximation A/D
analog
input
D/A
Converter
Vref
Digital
Outpu
t Data
comparat
or
STRT
Successive
Approximation
Register
cloc
k
Successive-Approximation A/D
analog
input
D/A
Converter
Vref
Digital
Outpu
t Data
comparat
or
STRT
Successive
Approximation
Register
cloc
k
analog input
voltage
FS
FS
FS
CLOCK PERIOD 1
8
D/A output
compared
1100
with Vin to see
1010
if larger or
smaller
1000
1101
1011
1001
0111
0110
0101
0100
0011
0010
0001
Workbench
Models
flash adc(works).ewb
dac_dig.ewb
adc-dac2.ewb