SIGNAL ENERGY AND

POWER

CONTENTS
Spectral density of signal
Energy Spectral Density (ESD)
Power Spectral Density (PSD)
Parsevals theorem for energy signal
Parsevals theorem for power signal
Density spectra of periodic gate and impulse train

 What is spectral density of

signal????
Spectral density of signal is
defined as the distribution of
energy or power per unit
bandwidth as a function of
frequency.


Energy
Spectral Density (ESD)

The energy signal is one which has finite energy and

zero average power
is energy signal then ,
Where, e=energy, P=power
The spectral density of energy signal is called as
Energy Spectral Density (ESD)

 The total energy of a signal is given by

This means that the energy of a signal

is a result of energies
contributed by all spectral components of the signal

Thus

it is possible to obtain the energy of the signal by

calculating the area under the square of its amplitude
spectrum

Therefore

the squared amplitude spectrum is called as the

energy spectral density

 Power Spectral Density (PSD)

the

power signal is one which has finite average power and

infinite energy
If

the spectral density of power is called Power

Spectral Density (PSD)

 Let

be a real valued power signal . Then the average

normalized power of this signal is defined as

If the signal is periodic with a period then according to the

Parsevals theorem, the average signal power is given by
(1)
For periodic signal is expressed as
Put in eqn (1)

PARSEVALS THEOREM FOR ENERGY

SIGNAL

The Parsevals theorem state that the energy

of signal may be obtained with the help of its
Fourier Transform .i.e. we can find the energy
signal without knowing its time domain.

The Parsevals theorem for energy signal is

given as

 Proof
Let there be a signal
The energy E of signal is given as
(1)
We know that I.F.T of as
(2)
Replacing one from eqn (1) and (2)
(3)
Interchanging the order of integration
(4)
Whereas

(5)

 Eqn (4) becomes

(6)
We know that
So that

Putting this value in eqn (6)

PARSEVALS THEOREM FOR POWER

SIGNAL

Parsevals theorem for power of a signal may be defined in

terms of its Fourier Series Coefficient.

It is given as

 Proof
Let there be function
We know that
(7)
The power of signal over cycle is given as
(8)
Replacing by complex Fourier exponential series, we get
(9)


Here
(10)
Since

Using equation, we get

)

The above equation is known as Parsevals theorem for power

signal

DENSITY SPECTRA OF PERIODIC GATE AND IMPULSE TRAIN

A gate function of width

and amplitude A is shown in fig.

 The expression for this gate function is expressed as

Fourier transform is expressed as
(11)
For a gate function, we have
(12)
(13)
(14)

by
equation (13)

(14)

Which is a sampling function

its graph is shown below

 know that energy spectral density is given as

We
By equation (14)
the energy spectrum density is shown below

Energy spectrum density