Aula 2

Portuguese Language and

Culture
Ana Moutinho

Verbs in the present tense

Verbos no presente
Pronomes pessoais
(Personal pronouns)

morar
(to live)

ter
(to have)

vir
(to come)

Eu

moro

tenho

venho

Tu
Ele

moras
mora

tens
tem

vens
vem

Ns
Vocs

moramos
moram

temos
tm

vimos
vm

Eles

moram

tm

vm

Masculine/feminine, singular/plural
Masculino/feminino, singular/plural (1/2)
If the word ends with o (masculine) it usually will
have the article o [oh] or um [oom].
If the word ends with a (feminine) it usually will
have the article a [ah] or uma [oo-mah].
But the are exceptions!

Masculine/feminine, singular/plural
Masculino/feminino, singular/plural (2/2)

Masculino
The boy (singular)
O menino (singular)
Os meninos (plural)

A boy (singular)
Um menino (singular)
Uns meninos (plural)

Feminino
The girl (singular)
A menina (singular)
As meninas (plural)

A girl (singular)
Uma menina
(singular)
Umas meninas
(plural)

O menino e a menina = Os meninos

Um menino e uma menina = Uns meninos.

Singular/plural (1/8)
The majority of Portuguese nouns end in a
vowel and simply add an S to form the
plural:
Singular
Plural

A cadeira (The chair)

O livro (The book)
A lei (The law)
O carro (The car)

As cadeiras
Os livros
As leis
Os carros

Singular/plural (2/8)
Nouns ending in R or Z add ES to form the
plural:
Singular
Plural

O elevador (The lift)

A mulher (The woman)
O rapaz (The boy)
A cruz (The cross)

Os elevadores
As mulheres
Os rapazes
As cruzes

Singular/plural (3/8)
Nouns ending in S form their plural in one
of two ways:
a) if last syllable is stressed ES is added:
Singular
Plural
O pas (The country)
Os pases
O chins (The Chinese) Os chineses

Singular/plural (4/8)
b) if the syllable is not stressed the noun
remains unchanged :
Singular

Plural

O lpis (The pencil)

Os lpis

Singular/plural (5/8)
Nouns ending in M change the M to NS in
the plural:
Singular
Plural
O homem (The man)
A viagem (The trip)
O jardim (The garden)

Os homens
As viagens
Os jardins

Singular/plural (6/8)
Nouns ending in AL, EL, OL and UL change
their L to IS:
Singular

Plural

O animal (The animal)

O papel (The paper)
O sol (The sun)

Os animais
Os papis
Os sis

Singular/plural (7/8)
Noun ending in IL form their plural in two
ways:
a) stressed IL is changed to IS:
Singular
Plural
O barril (The barrel)

Os barris

b) untressed IL is changed to EIS

Singular
O fssil (The fossil)

Plural
Os fsseis

Singular/plural (8/8)
Nouns ending in O generally form their
plurals in one of the following ways:
a) O changes to ES:
Singular
Plural
A lio (The lesson)
As lies
b) O changes to OS
Singular
Plural
O irmo (The brother)
Os irmos
c) O changes to ES
Singular
Plural
O co (The dog)
Os ces

Key question words

Perguntas com palavras-chave
You already know: quem (who), como (how) and qual
(what):
Quem o Manuel? (who is Manuel?)
Como ests? (how are you?)
Qual o teu nome? (What is your name?)
Today you will learn: onde (where) and quanto (how
much/how many):
Onde moras? (where do you live?)
De onde vens? (where do you come from?)
Quantos anos tens? (how old are you?)
Quantos livros tens? (how many books do you have?)