BIO-FUEL

BY:
K. PRAMOD
E11-0031

WHAT IS
BIO FUEL?
Bio fuel is a type of fuel whose
energy is derived from biological
carbon fixation.
Bio fuels include fuels derived from
biomass conversion as well as solid
biomass, liquidfuel and solid biomass

COMMON EXAMPLES
OF BIOFUELS
1)
2)
3)
4)

ETHANOL
VEGETABLE OIL
ANIMAL FATS
GREEN DIESEL

CLASSIFICATION OF BIOFUEL
- FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS
- SECOND GENERATION BIO
FUELS.

FIRST GENERATION
BIOFUELS
They are also called as
conventional biofuel.
The first generation biofuels refer to
the fuels that have been derived from
sources like starch, sugar, animal fats
and vegetable oil. The oil is obtained
using the conventional techniques of
production.

FIRST GENERATION
BIOFUELS ARE:
1)BIO-DIESEL
2)GREEN-DIESEL
3)BIO-ETHERS
4)BIO-GAS
5)SYN-GAS

- This is mostly used in european

countries.
- It is mineral acid and chemically
known as fatty acid methyl.
-this oil is formed after mixing methanol
and sodium hydroxide.
- It is very commonly used when it is
mixed with mineral oil.

BIO-DIESEL PUMP

GREEN-DIESEL:
- It is also called as renewable diesel.
-is a form of diesel fuel which is
derived from renewable feedstock
rather than the fossil.
-Green diesel feedstock can be
sourced from a variety of oils including
canola, algae, jatropha and salicornia in
addition to tallow

Green Diesel as commonly known in Ireland

should not be confused with dyed green diesel
sold at a lower tax rate for agriculture purposes,
using the dye allows custom officers to
determine if a person is using the cheaper diesel
in higher taxed applications such as commercial
haulage or cars

BIO-ETHERS:
- they are also called as oxygenated fuel
-cost efficency and act as octane rating enhancers.
- They reduce engine wear and toxic exhaust emissions.
- Greatly reducing amount of ground level ozone.

- bio-ether lab

BIO-GAS:
-It is methane produce by the anarobic

Digestion of anerobes.
-It can be produced either from biodegradable
Waste materals are by the use of energy crop
Fed into anerobic disasters.
-Biogas can be recovered from mec. biologica
Treatment waste processing systems.

-Farmers can produce biogas from manure

from their cows by using an anaerobic digeste

Syn-gas:
-

It is a gas that is produced after

the combined process of combu-tion,gassification and pyrolysis.
- Biofuel used in this process is conve
into carbon monoxide and then into
energy by pyrolysis.
- in this process materails are converte
into carbonmonoxide and hydrogen.
- the resultant syn-gas can be used in
various purposes.

Syn gas while forming:

:
SECOND GENERATION
BIO-FUEL:
-Second generation biofuels are
biofuels produced from sustainable
feedstock.
- Sustainability of a feedstock is
defined among others by availability of
the feedstock, impact on GHG
emissions and impact on biodiversity
and land use.

EXAMPLES OF SECOND
GENERATION BIO-FUEL:
Many second generation biofuels are under
development such as Cellulose
ethanol,algae fuel,
biohydrogen,bioethanol,bioethanol,DMF,Bio
DMF,Fisher tropesh disel, biohydrogen
diesel, mixed alcohols and wood diesel.

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION:
Biofuel:
-There are various social, economic,
environmental and technical issues with
biofuel production and use, which have been
discussed in the popular media and scientific
journals.

Bioethanol conventional production

Bioethanol is the most common biofuel, accounting for
more than 90% of total biofuel usage. Conventional
production is a well known process based on enzymatic
conversion of starchy biomass into sugars, and/or
fermentation of 6-carbon sugars with final distillation of
ethanol to fuel grade. Ethanol can be produced from
many feedstocks, including cereal crops, corn (maize),
sugar cane, sugar beets, potatoes, sorghum, cassava. Coproducts
(e.g animal feed) help reduce production cost.
If sugar cane is used, conversion into sugar is easier.
Crushed stalk (bagasse) can be used to provide heat and
power for the process and for other energy applications.
The worlds largest producers of bio-ethanol are Brazil
(sugar-cane ethanol) and the United States (corn
ethanol). Ethanol is used in low 5%-10% blends with
gasoline (E5, E10) but also as E-85 in flex-fuel vehicles.
In Brazil, gasoline must contain a minimum of 22%
bioethanol.

BIO-FUEL PRODUCTION IN INDIA:

Biofuel development in India centers mainly around the
cultivation and processing of Jatropha plant seeds which are
very rich in oil (40%). The drivers for this are historic,
functional, economic, environmental,moral and political.
Jatropha oil has been used in India for several decades as
biodiesel for the diesel fuel requirements of remote rural and
forest communities; jatropha oil can be used directly after
extraction (i.e. without refining) in diesel generators and
engines. Jatropha has the potential to provide economic
benefits at the local level since under suitable management it
has the potential to grow in dry marginal non-agricultural
lands,

JATROPHA SEEDS

Production in india:
- Presently Seven states in india are
producing biofuel
:
- they are Chhattisgarh, Andhra
Pradesh, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Orissa and
Jharkhand
- Chhattisgarh has decided to plant 160 million
saplings of jatropha in all its 16 districts during 2006
with the aim of becoming a bio-fuel self-reliant state
by2015Chhattisgarh plans to earn
Rs.40 billion
annually by selling seeds after 2010. The central
government has provided Rs.135
million to
Chhattisgarh this year for developing jatrophanursery
facilities.

BIO-FUEL PLANT IN INDIA

Advantages and disadvantages

of bio fuel:
-The most important advantage
of using liquid as fuel is that they
can be easily pumped and can
also be handled easily. This is
the main reason why almost all
the vehicles use liquid form of
fuels for combustion purpose.
-Biofuels are the best way of
reducing the emission of the
greenhouse gases. They can
also be looked upon as a way of
energy security which stands as

DISADVANTAGES OF BIO-FUEL:
Disadvantages of using biodiesel produced from
agricultural crops involve additional land use, as land
area is taken up and various agricultural inputs with their
environmental effects are inevitable. Switching to
biodiesel on a large scale requires considerable use of
our arable area.
ransportation & storage of biodiesel require special
management. Some properties of biodiesel make it
undesirable for use at high concentrations. For example,
pure biodiesel doesn't flow well at low temperatures,
which can cause problems for customers with outdoor
storage tanks in colder climates. A related disadvantage
is that biodiesel, because of its nature, cant be
transported in pipelines. It has to be transported by truck
or rail, which increases the cost.

 Biodiesel is less suitable for use in low

temperatures, than petrodiesel. The cloud point is the
temperature at which a sample of the fuel starts to
appear cloudy, indicating that wax crystals have begun
to form. At even lower temperatures, the fuel becomes
a gel that cannot be pumped. The pour point is the
temperature below which the fuel will not flow. As the
cloud and pour points for biodiesel are higher than
those for petroleum diesel, the performance of biodiesel
in cold conditions is markedly worse than that of
petroleum diesel. At low temperatures, diesel fuel forms
wax crystals, which can clog fuel lines and filters in a
vehicles fuel system. Vehicles running on biodiesel
blends may therefore exhibit more drivability problems
at less severe winter temperatures than do vehicles
running on petroleum diesel.

1)
2)
3)
4)

www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
Bio ethanol fires information .net
Breaking the Biological Barriers to
Cellulosic Ethanol

ANY QUARIES