Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Technical Training
Instructor
Mr. Monthien Satantoranin
Senior Manager Technical Support
ALC
Training Topics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ALC
ALC
Mains Features
Max capacity : 16 E1 + 3 Ethernet Port
IDU size: 1U high only and single board
Service channel: optional V11 codirectional.
Loops: RF loop, IF loop and Baseband loops
ATPC range : depending on frequency (20dB or 40 dB)
Internal PRBS
IDU-ODU cable: 370 meter of or RG8
ALC
LCT USB
connector
PSU connector
Trib. 1-2-3-4
Q3
LCT
Trib. 9-10-11-12
48V1
USER IN/OUT
1
2
Trib. 13-14-15-16
PS2
Manual operation /
Loop active
Fuse: 3.15A (M)
Tx Rx
R
TEST
AL
2
Trib. 5-6-7-8
TEST
R AL
48V2
PS1
TX RX
IDU-ODU cable
SMA connectors
Reset
Alarms
ALC
Reference Tooth
Volt/dBm in Rx
Weight = 4.5 Kg
ODU Mounting
Max.1 dB Loss
ALC
ALC
ODU with
Integrated antenna
1+1 ODU
1+0 ODU
Unprotected ODU
ALC
Interconnection cable
Frequency signals:
Tx IF
Rx IF
Telemetry IDUODU
Telemetry ODUIDU
Power 48 VDC
330 MHz
140 MHz
17.5 MHz
5.2 MHz
370 m
10
Equipment Composition
ALC is made up by different sub-modules housed in
two mechanical structures:
1) IDU
LIM
Controller
RIM (one per branch)
2) ODU
ALC
11
Module functionalities
Line
interfaces
Line
Bit
insertion-extraction,
Modulator
Switch
BER
LIM
management
counters
Power
supply
Cable
interface
Modulator
RIM
Demodulator
Power supply
Cable
interface
IF
ALC
Service interfaces
Equipment controller
EOC
Alarm LEDs
CONTROLLER
RT
unit
RF
12
Equipment
structure
ALC
13
Controller
ALC
14
ALC
LIM
Tx direction
15
LIM
Rx direction
*FEC = Forward Error Corrector
Example:
FEC *
Without BER=10-6
With BER=10-13
(+2.5 dB)
(block code)
errors
ALC
16
RIM
ALC
17
ODU
ALC
18
power (4QAM/16QAM):
7 GHz +27 dBm / +22 dBm
15 GHz
+25 dBm / +20 dBm
23 GHz
+20 dBm / +15 dBm
Tx/Rx
spacing:
7 GHz 154/161/168/196/245 MHz
15 GHz
420/728 MHz
23 GHz
1008/1232 MHz
Power
1+0
1+1
ALC
consumption
< 30 W
< 55 W
19
Max
ALC
Rx power - 20 dBm
20
ALC
21
Installation
IDU
Installation
Power Supply and Grounding
E1 Cable and Wiring
Antenna and ODU Mounting
ALC
22
Installation
IDU
Installation (1)
USB/LCT
E1
Power Supply
IDU to ODU
Cable
ALC
23
Installation
IDU
Installation (2)
ALC
24
Installation
Power
ALC
25
Installation
Power
ALC
26
Installation
ODU Grounding
ALC
27
Installation
E1
ALC
28
Installation
Antenna
ALC
29
Installation
Antenna
ALC
30
Installation
Antenna
ALC
31
Installation
Antenna
Vertical Polarization
Horizontal Polarization
ALC
32
ALC
33
connection
SCT Main Window Menus
Routing
Stored Routing Table
Station management
Commang Logger
Equipment features management
Configuration backup/restore
Alarm monitoring
LCT Main Window Manus
Radio Parameter Configurations
ALC
34
ALC
35
ALC
PPP
LCT
USB
EOC (Radio)
64Kb/s
ASYN-RS232
57.6Kb/s
36
SCT : Connections
ALC
37
ALC
38
Login
User: SYSTEM
Password:
ALC
siaemicr
(read only)
39
Stations
His
ALC
lo
y
r
to
40
User management
and time alignment
Configuration
upload/download
and station
management
Configuration of
the equipment
Log as SYSTEM an
equipment in monitor
ALC
History log
management
Configuration of
the connection
list of commands
41
SCT Menu-Equipment
ALC
42
SCT Menu-Option
ALC
43
SCT Menu-Network
ALC
44
SCT Menu-Tool
ALC
45
Equipment menu
Equipment configuration
Agent, name, time
Alarms, group by group
Alarms configuration
Test, loops, manual operations
Alarms reading (refresh)
Firmware update
Performance monitoring
Units
Automatic troubleshooting
Routing and addressing
ALC
46
ALC
47
Properties
Equipment name
Agent, used in alarm
history and in
subnetwork wizard
Equipment time alignment
and network time
alignment
Software restart
(doesnt cut the traffic)
ALC
48
ALC
49
Alarm configuration
ALC
50
ALC
51
Firmware Update
Firmware
Switch
Download of
the firmware
Upload of
the actual
firmware
ALC
52
Overwriting of old
firmware (total
dowload slow)
Download of different
sections only (fast) or
towards peripheral (radio)
Bench switch after
the download
ALC
53
Performance Monitoring
Start/Stop of
selected item
Quality results
Output power
Input power
ALC
54
UNITS
Part number
Part number
Status
Kind of trouble
ALC
Trouble severity
55
Diagnosis
Reading the actual alarms the
Diagnosis prepares an explanation
of every trouble and the
procedures to follow to solve the
problem
ALC
56
Port addresses
All SIAE equipments, regarding SCT software and supervision, are
routers: all interfaces need an address and relevant subnet mask
Set values
2.
Store
3.
Restart
Client (always)
ALC
57
Routing
ALC
58
Routing
ALC Port and Address
ALC
59
Routing
ALC
60
Routing table
Type and address of
crossed port towards
Destination
Netmask and
IP address of
Destination
Type and address
of crossed port
Default destination
ALC
61
ALC
62
Station management
NEs connected to SCT can be assigned in
various stations using the tool :
Subnetwork Configuration Wizard
ALC
63
Alarm correlation
Every alarm is reported with
Alarm beginning
Alarm end (gravity info is maintained)
ALC
64
Alarm acknowledgement
Alarm acknowledge is available in
alarm history list: every
acknowledgement can
be managed completely
in station list: new alarm
info is highlighted by
an asterisk
ALC
65
Command logger
Cmd Logger reads the list of operations, executed by the users,
stored on the controller of the equipment.
The log, uploaded from equipment, is stored on the PC for
further consultations. Following filters are available:
Operations date
User address
User type
Operation name
ALC
66
Configuration upload/download
Upload (from equipment)
From
67
Configuration Template
Configuration
68
Full backup
The whole amount of parameters (equipment
parameters, address parameters and remote element
table) can be uploaded from equipment, saved in a
file (*.bku), downloaded to equipment.
These parameters cannot be editated.
ALC
69
LCT
for
ALC
ALC
70
Configuration
General
Bitrate
Modulation
ALC
71
HBer,LBer, EWL
thresholds
ALC
1) General preset:
thresholds
72
2) General preset:
Rx switches
1+0
1+1
In case of no Rx
73
For local
Modulation terminal
Setting has to
be copied in
remote terminal
Link ID
Frequency
Frequency
For both
Only Configuration
Capacity
local and has to be set locally (on
Modulation remote local and after on
terminal remote)
Link ID
ALC
74
Tributary selection if
checked is Signal 2MBit
75
ALC
76
ATPC Characteristics
Maximum ATPC range:
ATPC speed:
30 dB/s
Purpouse:
ALC
77
Maintenance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ALC
Reriodical Check
Alarm Meaning
Root Cause of Failure
Troubleshooting
Loop Facilities
78
Periodical Check
Periodical Checks are used to check for
radio equipment operation without the
presence of any alarm conditions
ALC
79
3dB
4dB
80
window:
ALC
81
ALARMS
There are two directions of alarms: Tx and Rx
Tx
This line starts in LIM and arrives to output flange: when a situation of
more alarms is occurring, the most significative alarm of them is at the
beginning of Tx chain, all the others after are due to this
Rx
This line starts in output flange and arrives to LIM: when a situation of
more alarms is occurring, the most significative alarm of them is at the
beginning of Rx chain, all the others after should be caused by this
ODU
Rx
Most Significant alarm
RIM
LIM
ALC
Tx
ODU
RIM
LIM
82
COMMON group
Alarms not related to a specific part of the equipment but
relevant to the link.
Example:.
EOC radio alarm (relevant SCT management)
Link telemetry fail (relevant traffic, ATPC info, man op)
If both alarms are ON, the link is interrupted.
Investigation must be made on a possible condition of bad
propagation, or equipment failure
ALC
83
ALC
84
ALC
85
ALC
86
PRBS Fail
When PRBS is working and no signal is received on checked
signal, in PRBS window the field Sync Los Alarm is active
together with PRBS Fail in Current alarms window
Every ON-OFF transition
increases the field
PRBS Fail Alarm Counter
ALC
87
ALC
88
Revertive
When a branch is declared preferential,
the switch on opposite branch gives
Revertive alarm.
The return to preferential branch, when
available again, happens after Wait Time
period.
ALC
89
ALC
90
Tx Fail
When on remote side both radios dont receive, on local
side a Tx switch command is performed and Tx fail alarm
is enabled.
When this alarm is on,
check local ODU in stand by
This functionality is enabled
in LCT General Preset
The alarm remains active
until Reset is given
ALC
91
Link ID
Alarm is on if Link ID check is enabled (Link ID 0)
and remote Link ID is different from the local one.
Traffic is cut but signal is received and measured.
Output = AIS
This alarm
causes:
ALC
92
LIM group
These alarms come from
External fault: tributary LOS
LIM failure:
-Multiplexer/demultiplexer failure
-Modulator/demodulator failure
Warning: modulator/demodulator
circuitry is spread into LIM and RIM
modules.
RIM or ODU alarms propagation
(seen in LIM as Baseband RX alarm)
ALC
93
ALC
94
Tx
Tributary
connected
ALC
95
Multiplexer fail
Tx
ALC
96
Tx
Traffic is cut
ALC
97
Branch-x ODU-IDU
Communication fail
This alarm occurs when on carrier used to receive
information from ODU, or remote commands from other side,
are detected:
CRC errors
Loss of frame
ALC
98
Rx
(software settable)
Traffic
is
cut
ALC
99
Branch-x BaseBand Rx
Rx
BaseBand Rx causes:
Demultiplexer Fail
Traffic is cut
ALC
100
Demultiplexer Fail
Rx
BaseBand Rx alarm
101
RIM group
These alarms come from
External fault: demodulator fail alarm and
ODU alarm are generated when ODU
becomes faulty
RIM failure: PSU alarm with cable
open/short alarm or modulator/demodulator
alarms are active
Warning: modulator/demodulator circuitry is
spread into LIM and RIM modules.
ALC
102
ALC
103
PSU
IDU
All alarmed
from now on
RT
If the PSU is off, all the alarms of that RIM are activated:
this alarm causes all
Rx Branch-1 alarms
except those relevant
Radio1 (is OFF)
ALC
104
Cable open
situation
ALC
105
RT group
These alarms come from
External fault: Rx power low alarm is
generated because of bad propagation
or by remote terminal faulty
ODU failure: PSU fail alarm or RF
VCO alarm or RF IF alarm is activated
ALC
106
ALC
107
Branch-x IDU-ODU
Communication fail
This alarm occurs in ODU when on carrier used to receive
command from IDU, are detected:
CRC errors
Loss of frame
ALC
108
ALC
109
Tx & Rx
ALC
110
Branch 1 RT If fail
This alarm occurs when is not present IF signal inside
ODU. There are two different IF signals but one alarm
only.
No IF Tx : the alarm is on and causes Tx Power Low
No IF Rx: the alarm is on with all Rx alarms
Rt If fail can be caused by Modulator fail (no IF Tx)
When VCO is faulty, RF unit gives a IFRX signal made
up of noise: this is enough to mantain IF fail alarm off
(but Demodulator cannot work Rx alarms).
ALC
111
Tx
ALC
112
ALC
113
UNIT group
This group generates alarms when one of the
units, the equipment consists of, is faulty or
does not respond to controller polling:
Unit fail
Unit is not responding
Unit is missing
Unit hardware mismatch
Unit software mismatch
ALC
114
ALC
115
OTHER
ALARMS
ALC
116
Performance alarms
Every performance measure can drive the relevant alarm if threshold
is exceeded.
Threshold in sec. relevant 15 minutes alarm
Threshold in sec. relevant 24 hours alarm
Threshold in dB of Rx alarm
alarm counter reset
If 0, alarm
is disabled
ALC
15 minutes
alarms severity
117
Performance monitoring
15 min.
alarms
24 hours
alarms
dBm
>
5
-5
m
dB
RX
R = 15 minutes
ALC
118
Recorder : Prx
date
ALC
LCT
time
dBm
119
Measures
Performances is a group of measures, 15 minutes by 15
minutes, day by day, recorded by the equipment itself and
downloaded on the PC (the download needs bitrate).
These measures remain active also with SCT (and PC)
disconnected.
Recorder Prx is the recording of Rx power on a log file inside
the PC: every time a new value is measured a new record is
written inside the log file with info of when (day, hour, minutes
and seconds) and how much (dBm measured).
This recording remains active until SCT is connected to the
equipment.
ALC
120
Current Alarms
ALC
121
Switch modes
Auto
Preferential: operator can select which branch must be
operative without alarms.
Wait Time = time before coming back to the preferential
branch when alarms disappear. In this way the controller
doesnt switch continuously in case of fleeting alarms.
Reset = Wait Time is not respected
Full auto: both branches have same priority
Manual forcing
Operator can select which branch must be operative despite
alarms
ALC
122
Tx switch criteria
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ALC
Highest priority
RIM PSU alarm
Manual forcing
Cable short/ Cable open alarm
Modulator failure
ODU unit failure alarm
VCO failure alarm
IF unit alarm
ODU PSU alarm
Tx power low alarm
Rx failure on both remote radios
lowest priority
Revertive Tx
123
Rx switch criteria
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Highest priority
RIM PSU alarm
Manual forcing
Cable short/open alarm
Base band unit failure alarm
Demodulator failure
ODU unit failure alarm
VCO failure alarm
IF unit alarm
ODU PSU alarm
High BER alarm (selectable: BER>10 -3,-4,-5)
Low BER alarm (selectable: BER >10 -6,-7,-8)
Early warning alarm (selectable: BER >10 -9,-10,-11,-12)
RF input low (selectable from -40dBm to -99dBm)
CRC pulse
Revertive Rx
lowest priority
ALC
124
EQUIPMENT FEATURE
MANAGEMENT
ALC
125
LOOP FACILITIES
Local Tributary Loop : used to test the cable interfacing
ALC
126
RF
LOOP
IDU
LOOP
BASEBAND
LOOP
MOD-DEMOD
RF
RIM 1
Branch
Line side
BASEBAND
1
LOOP
ODU 1
AL : available loops
data direction:
- towards the equipment that has enabled the loop (baseband, IDU, RF)
- selectable for E1 loop
- only local loops
MO
-E
D
M R
F
1 ID
IM
R
UO
1 R
U
D
F
P L
O
L
P
O
MU
MX
E
-D
X
AS
B
P
O
L
D
N
A
B
E
1 L
E
P
O
IM
L
MUX-DEMUX
E1 LOOP
LIM
Radio side
ALC
LOOPS
127
Line side
ALC loop:
external PRBS
Radio side
128
loops:
internal PRBS
129
Propagation Link
E.I.R.P = Pt + Gt+ Cable loss
Free space loss (L in Km, f in GHz)
Received power
PT
A fs 92.44dB 20 Log L f
PR dBm PT dBm A fs dB GT dB GR dB
PR
ALC
130
Antenna
D = antenna diameter
= wave lenght = c/f
8
1
3
10
ms
c = speed of light =
D 2 2
Antenna gain G 10 Log
2
ALC
131
1) Refraction
Snell law:
n2
n1sen1 n2 sen 2
n4
n3
n1
n2
n1
ALC
k = 4/3 (standard)
132
hgeo
R0
L
hgeo
k R0
hgeo
L
ALC
R0 = 6378 km
133
L
RM
2
L
RM
ALC
134
earths curvature
k effect (refraction)
L
L
RM
hgeo
k R0
2
2
htower
ALC
135
example
L = 20 km
f = 23 GHz
k = 4/3
L
hgeo
0.047 km 47 m
1.333 R0
R0= 6378 km
L
RM
8.1m
2
htower= 47m + 8.1m = 55.1m
ALC
136
Fade Margin
f = 23 GHz
HBER - 82 dBm
FM = 40dB (purpouse)
PR dBm PT dBm A fs dB GT dB GR dB
GT+GR= 2G = PR-PT+Afs= -42dBm-20dBm+146dB=84dB
GT=GR=42dB
ALC
D=60cm G=40dB
D=80cm G= 42,6dB
137
rain
25 mm/h
100 mm/h
10 GHz
0.5 dB/km
2.5 dB/km
15 GHz
1.5 dB/km
7 dB/km
20 GHz
2.1 dB/km
10 dB/km
30 GHz
4 dB/km
15 dB/km
40 GHz
6 dB/km
20 dB/km
ALC
138
Rain depolarization
H
vertical polar. e.m. wave
Drop weight
H
E
horizontal polar. e.m. wave
Wind
I
v
GHz
ALC
139
Multipath
Direct ray
Indirect ray
H 1 b e
j ( )
140
THANK YOU
ALC
141