PRESENTATION ON BASIC

VLSI

CONTENT

WHAT IS VLSI
Very-large-scale integration
(VLSI) is the process of creating an
integrated circuit (IC) by combining
thousands of transistors into a single
chip.
First transistor in 1958 Jack kilby
material used of germinum.
Second transistor in 1960 Robert
material used of silicon.

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Integrated Circuit is the circuit in
which all the Passive and Active
components are fabricated onto a
single chip. An Integration
technology was developed to
increase the number of components
that are to be placed on a single
chip. This Technology not only helped
to reduce the size of the devices but
also improved their speed.

Depending upon the number of

component (transistor)
Small Scale Integration (SSI):
In this Technology, 1-100 Transistors were fabricated on a single chip. ExGates , Flipflops.
Medium Scale Integration (MSI):
Using this Technology, 100-1000 number of Transistors could be
integrated on a single chip. Ex- 4 bit Microprocessors.
Large Scale Integration
In this Technology, 1000-10000 Transistors could be integrated on a
single chip. Ex- 8 bit Microprocessors, RAM, ROM.

Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI):

In this Technology, 10000-1 Million Transistors could be accommodated.
Eg 16-32 bit Microprocessors.

 Ultra Large Scale Integration(ULSI):

In this Technology, 1 Million-10 Million
Transistors could be accommodated. Eg
Special Purpose Registers.
Giant Scale Integration (GSI):
In this Technology more than 10 Million
Transistors could be accommodated. Eg
Embedded Systems.

ADVANTAGES OF VLSI
1. Reduces the Size of Circuits.
2. Reduces the effective cost of the
devices.
3. Increases the Operating speed of
circuits
4. Requires less power than Discrete
components.
5. Higher Reliability
6. Occupies a relatively smaller area.

USES OF VLSI
In today's world VLSI chips are widely
used in various branches of Engineering
like:
Voice and Data Communication networks
Digital Signal Processing
Computers
Commercial Electronics
Automobiles
Medicine and many more.

TYPES OF IC
Linear ICs are used in cases when the
relationship between the input and output of a
circuit is linear. An important application of linear
IC is the operational amplifier commonly referred
to as op-amp.
Digital integrated circuit can contain logic gates
, flip flop , multiplexer . Digital IC is smaller the
size, higher speed ,and low power dissipation.
Digital IC make use of 0 and 1 only to
operate.

Three types of classified VLSI

Monolithic integrated circuit
Thin and thick film IC
Hybrid IC

Monolithic integrated circuit

The word monolithic comes from the Greek
words monos and lithos which means single
and stone. As the name suggests, monolithic ICs
refer to a single stone or a single crystal. The
single crystal refers to a single chip of silicon as
the semiconductor material, on top of which all
the active and passive components needed are
interconnected.
This is the best mode of manufacturing IC as they
can be made identical, and produces high
reliability. The cost factor is also low and can be
manufactured in bulk in very less time.

Diagram of monolithic ic

Used of monolithic IC
TV circuit, computer circuit, Am
receivers , voltage regulator,
amplifier and so on.
LMITATIONS Low power rating.
Component like inductor cannot be
fabricated to the ic

Thin and thick film integrated circuit

Thick and thin film ICs are comparatively
larger than monolithic ICs and smaller
than discrete circuits. They find their use
in high power applications. Though it is a
little large in size, these ICs cannot be
integrated with transistors and diodes.
Such devices have to be externally
connected on to its corresponding pins.
Passive components like resisters and
capacitors can be integrated.

Diagram of thick film ic

Hybrid ic