Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF THE
CELL
4.2 CARBOHYDRATES
Nur amni syazana
CARBOHYDRATES
Source of energy
Build cell walls of plants
Form external skeleton of insects
As food storage
Consists of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
Ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms molecule
is 2:1
TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
MONOSACCHARIDES
DISACCHARIDES
POLYSACCHARIDES
MONOSACCHARIDES
The basic building blocks of carbohydrates
(monomers of carbohydrates)
Known as simple sugar
Reducing sugars
EXAMPLE:
Glucose ~ in plants and fruits
Fructose ~ in sweet fruits and
honey
Galactose ~ in milk
DISACCHARIDES
Reducing sugars except sucrose
Consist of two monosaccharides
Complex sugars
condensation
hydrolysis
EXAMPLE:
GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE -> Maltose (malt sugar)
GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE -> Sucrose (cane sugar)
GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE -> Lactose (milk sugar)
POLYSACCHARIDES
Combination of hundreds of monosaccharides
Formed by the condesation of glucose monomers
Do not taste sweet and do not crystallise
Insoluble in water
hydrolysis
GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE ------------------->MALTOSE + WATER
EXAMPLE: