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MSE XXX: Introduction to

Materials Science & Engineering


Course Objective...
Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials
Science

You will learn about:


material structure
how structure dictates properties
how processing can change structure

This course will help you to:


use materials properly
realize new design opportunities
with materials
Chapter 1 - 1

LECTURES
Lecturer:
Time:
Location:
Activities:
Present new material
Announce reading and homework
Take quizzes and midterms*
*Make-ups given only for emergencies.
*Discuss potential conflicts beforehand.

Chapter 1 - 2

RECITATIONS
Instructor:
Times and Places:
___.
___.
___.
___.
___.

Purpose:

X:XXam
X:XXpm
X:XXpm
X:XXam
X:XXpm

_____ XXX
_____ XXX
_____ XXX
_____ XXX
_____ XXX

Discuss homework, quizzes, exams


Hand back graded quizzes, exams
Discuss concepts from lecture
Recitations start next week.
Try to attend your registered recitation.
If necessary, attend an alternate recitation.

Chapter 1 - 3

LABORATORY SECTIONS
Instructor:
Location:
Purpose: To learn more about materials by relating
lecture material with observations. Also to learn to properly
formulate and write engineering reports and proposals.

Chapter 1 - 4

TEACHING ASSISTANTS
Name
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____

Office
_____ XXX
_____ XXX
_____ XXX
_____ XXX
_____ XXX

Tel.
X-XXXX
X-XXXX
X-XXXX
X-XXXX
X-XXXX

E-mail
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____

Teaching Assistants will


participate in recitation sessions,
have office hours to help you with course material
and problem sets.

Chapter 1 - 5

OFFICE HOURS
X:XX-X:XX each weekday**
____.
_____ XXX
____.
_____ XXX
____.
_____ XXX
____.
_____ XXX
____.
_____ XXX

_____
_____
_____
_____
_____

**Contact professors for special arrangements

Activities:
Discuss homework, quizzes, exams
Discuss lectures, book
Pick up missed handouts
Chapter 1 - 6

COURSE MATERIALS (with text)


Required text:
Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,
W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 8th edition,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2010).

Optional Material:
_____
________.
_____
________.
_____
________.

Chapter 1 - 7

COURSE MATERIALS
(with WileyPLUS)
Required text:
WileyPLUS for Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,
W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 8th edition, John Wiley
and Sons, Inc. (2010).

Website: http://www.wileyplus.com/xxxxxxxxxxx
Can be bought online at wileyplus.com for 40% of textbook price
Includes complete online version of textbook
Or comes bundled with textbook at bookstore
$5 more than textbook alone
Homework assignments with instant feedback and hints
Computer graded self-help problems
Hotlinks in homework to supporting text section
Quizzes
Chapter 1 - 8

WEBSITES
Course Website: http://www.xxx.edu/xxxxx
Syllabus
Lecture notes
Answer keys
Grades

Text Website: http://www.wiley.com/college/callister


VMSE for 3D visualization and manipulation of atomic structures
Mechanical Engineering and Biomaterials online support modules
Case studies of materials usage
Extended learning objectives
Self-assessment exercises
Chapter 1 - 9

Virtual Materials Science &


Engineering (VMSE)
Website: http://www.wileyplus.com/college/callister
Student Companion Site
Users can manipulate molecules and crystals to
better visualize atomic structures
Unit cells such as BCC, FCC, HCP
Crystallographic planes, directions, and defects
Polymer repeat units and molecules
Diffusion computations

Chapter 1 - 10

GRADING
Weekly in-lecture quizzes

Held on _____ at the beginning of class


Based on core homework problems
Your lowest quiz grade will be dropped

Midterm #1

XX%

Midterm #2

XX%

XX%

Tentatively scheduled for:


Material covered:
Tentatively scheduled for:
Material covered:

Final

XX%

Tentatively scheduled for:


Material covered:
Chapter 1 - 11

READING SCHEDULE
Week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Topic
General Intro; Atomic Bonding
Crystalline Structures; Imperfections
Diffusion; Mechanical Properties
Strengthening Mechanisms; Failure
Phase Diagrams
Phase Transformations
Applications & Processing of Metal Alloys
Struc., Prop., Proc., Applic. of Ceramics
Struc., Prop. of Polymers; Composites
Corrosion; Elec. & Thermal Prop.
Magnetic & Optical Prop.
Econ. & Envir. Issues

Chapter
1,2
3,4
5,6
7,8
9
10
11
12,13
14,15,16
17,18,19
20,21
22

Lectures: will highlight important portions of each chapter.


Chapter 1 - 12

Chapter 1 - Introduction
What is materials science?
Why should we know about it?
Materials drive our society

Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Now?
Silicon Age?
Polymer Age?

Chapter 1 - 13

Example Hip Implant


With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate.
Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).

Adapted from Fig. 22.25, Callister 7e.

Chapter 1 - 14

Example Hip Implant


Requirements
mechanical
strength (many
cycles)
good lubricity
biocompatibility

Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.


Chapter 1 - 15

Example Hip Implant

Adapted from Fig. 22.26, Callister 7e.

Chapter 1 - 16

Hip Implant
Key problems to overcome
fixation agent to hold
acetabular cup
cup lubrication material
femoral stem fixing agent
(glue)
must avoid any debris in cup

Ball

Acetabular
Cup and Liner

Femoral
Stem
Adapted from chapter-opening
photograph, Chapter 22, Callister 7e.

Chapter 1 - 17

Example Develop New Types of


Polymers

Commodity plastics large volume ca. $0.50 / lb


Ex.
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
etc.

Engineering Resins small volume > $1.00 / lb


Ex.
Polycarbonate
Nylon
Polysulfone
etc.
Can polypropylene be upgraded to properties (and price) near
those of engineering resins?

Chapter 1 - 18

Structure, Processing, & Properties


Properties depend on structure

ex: hardness vs structure of steel


(d)

Hardness (BHN)

600
500
400

(c)
(a)

(b)
4 m

300
200

30 m

30 m

100
0.01 0.1

30 m

Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a)


and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition,
and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33;
and (d) Fig. 10.21, Callister &
Rethwisch 8e.

1
10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (C/s)

Processing can change structure

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel


Chapter 1 - 19

Types of Materials
Metals:
Strong, ductile
High thermal & electrical conductivity
Opaque, reflective.

Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing of es


Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
Thermal & electrical insulators
Optically translucent or transparent.

Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) compounds of metallic


& non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
Brittle, glassy, elastic
Non-conducting (insulators)

Chapter 1 - 20

The Materials Selection Process


1. Pick Application

Determine required Properties

Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,


magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

2. Properties

Identify candidate Material(s)

Material: structure, composition.

3. Material

Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shape


ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.

Chapter 1 - 21

ELECTRICAL
Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
6

(10-8 Ohm-m)

Resistivity,

5
4
3
2
1
0

Cu

2
3. 3

i
t %N

Ni
%
t
Ni
16 a
.
%
t
2
a
+
2
1
.
Cu
+1
u
C
d
e
i
rm
o
N
f
e
%
t
d
a
2
1
.
+1
u
C
Cu

e
r
Pu

-200

-100

Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister &


Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 18.8 adapted
from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219
(1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M.
Thomson, Physics of Solids, 2nd
edition, McGraw-Hill Company, New
York, 1970.)

T (C)

Adding impurity atoms to Cu increases resistivity.


Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
Chapter 1 - 22

THERMAL
-- Silica fiber insulation
offers low heat conduction.
Adapted from chapteropening photograph,
Chapter 17, Callister &
Rethwisch 3e. (Courtesy
of Lockheed
Missiles and Space
Company, Inc.)

100 m

Thermal Conductivity
of Copper:
-- It decreases when
you add zinc!
Thermal Conductivity
(W/m-K)

Space Shuttle Tiles:

Adapted from
Fig. 19.4W, Callister
6e. (Courtesy of
Lockheed Aerospace
Ceramics Systems,
Sunnyvale, CA)
(Note: "W" denotes fig.
is on CD-ROM.)

400
300
200
100
0

0
10 20 30 40
Composition (wt% Zinc)

Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister & Rethwisch


8e. (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook:
Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and
Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker,
(Managing Editor), American Society for Metals,
1979, p. 315.)
Chapter 1 - 23

MAGNETIC
Magnetic Storage:

vs. Composition:
-- Adding 3 atomic % Si
makes Fe a better
recording medium!
Magnetization

-- Recording medium
is magnetized by
recording head.

Magnetic Permeability

Fe+3%Si
Fe

Magnetic Field
Fig. 20.23, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and


A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of
Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9,
1973. Electronically reproduced
by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Chapter 1 - 24

OPTICAL
Transmittance:
-- Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.
single crystal

polycrystal:
low porosity

polycrystal:
high porosity

Adapted from Fig. 1.2,


Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
(Specimen preparation,
P.A. Lessing; photo by S.
Tanner.)

Chapter 1 - 25

DETERIORATIVE
Stress & Saltwater...

crack speed in salt water!


crack speed (m/s)

-- causes cracks!

Heat treatment: slows


10-8

10-10

Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,


Chapter 16, Callister & Rethwisch 3e.
(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and
Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.)

as-is
held at
160C for 1 hr
before testing
Alloy 7178 tested in
saturated aqueous NaCl
solution at 23C

increasing load

Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and


Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John
Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown
Boveri Co.)

-- material:

4 m

7150-T651 Al "alloy"
(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)
Adapted from Fig. 11.26,
Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Provided courtesy of G.H.
Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing Commercial Airplane
Chapter 1 - 26
Company.)

SUMMARY
Course Goals:
Use the right material for the job.
Understand the relation between properties,
structure, and processing.
Recognize new design opportunities offered
by materials selection.

Chapter 1 - 27

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