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Protocol Stack
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Core Site
BSC
SML
C
Lb+
BS
C
TCSM /
TRAU
BSCBSC
Ater
MGW
A
A
Sigtran
Abis
MSC
Abis
BTS
Gb
O&M
NetActT
M
Before
BSS13
RG10
RG20
(CESoPSN)
(CESoPSN)
Packet Abis
A over IP
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SGSN
IP
UDP
RTP
RG20
CODECx
PS U-plane
CS U-plane
C-plane
M-plane
NSN RTP
IUA
UDP
SCTP
ICMP
IP
ARP
MC ML PPP
Ethernet MAC
TDM
Ethernet PHY
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User Plan
Concerning CS /PS User-plane, the traffic is to be sent across
the Abis interface over the UDP/IP protocol stack; this
regardless of the nature of the traffic itself (i.e. speech, data).
Abis CS /PS User-plane frame format including NSN
Multiplexed RTP
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Control Plan
As far as C-plane is concerned, the signaling flow (TRXSIG) is
to be transferred via IUA (ISDN User Adaptation) protocol layer.
IUA (RFC 4233 [6]) defines a protocol for backhauling of
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Q.921 User
messages (i.e. LAPD user messages) over IP using the Stream
Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) in between.
IUA essentially uses SCTP to adapt LAPD channels to be
transferred over IP
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Header compression
In short, IP header compression is the process of compressing
excess protocol headers before transmitting them on a link and
uncompressing them to their original state on reception at the
other end of the link. It is possible to compress the protocol
headers due to the redundancy in header fields of the same
packet as well as consecutive packets of the same packet
stream.
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Header compression
Considering the constraint above and the fact that header
compression might not be available in all network elements, the
functionality is regarded as optional and to be enabled/disabled
by configuration.
Header compression is considered as essential for Packet Abis
over TDM where reducing the overhead allows a more efficient
use of the bandwidth compared to legacy Abis. For Packet Abis
over PSN (Ethernet) the functionality is instead considered as
beneficial (i.e. important but not essential and so deferrable to
future releases) since in this case bandwidth saving is less
crucial than in the TDM one.
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BTS
BSC
Abis
TC
Ater
MSC
Transcoding
Codec
NSN muxd RTP
Codec
NSN muxd RTP TRAU frame
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
ML/MC-PPP
ML/MC-PPP
HDLC
HDLC
TDM L1
TDM L1
G.711
G.711
TDM L1
TDM L1
TRAU frame
TDM L1
TDM L1
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BTS
BSC
Abis
Abis L3
Abis L3
IUA
IUA
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
ML/MC-PPP
ML/MC-PPP
HDLC
HDLC
TDM L1
TDM L1
MSC
BSSMAP
BSSMAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP
MTP
TDM L1
TDM L1
BTS
BSC
Abis
Abis L3
Abis L3
MSC
BSSMAP
BSSMAP
SCCP
SCCP
IUA
IUA
M3UA
M3UA
SCTP
SCTP
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
IP
IP
ML/MC-PPP
ML/MC-PPP
HDLC
HDLC
Eth L2
Eth L2
TDM L1
TDM L1
Eth L1
Eth L1
Um
BSC
Abis
SGSN
Gb
Data application
TCP/UDP
IP
SNDCP
SNDCP
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
NS
NS
L1
L1
GSM L1
GSM L1
PA-FP
PA-FP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
ML/MC-PPP
ML/MC-PPP
HDLC
HDLC
TDM L1
TDM L1
Um
BSC
Abis
SGSN
Gb
Data application
TCP/UDP
IP
SNDCP
SNDCP
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
NS
NS
GSM L1
GSM L1
PA-FP
PA-FP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
UDP
UDP
ML/MC-PPP
ML/MC-PPP
IP
IP
HDLC
HDLC
Eth L2
Eth L2
TDM L1
TDM L1
Eth L1
Eth L1
Um
BSC
Abis
SGSN
Gb
GMM/SM
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
NS
NS
L1
L1
GSM L1
GSM L1
PA-FP
PA-FP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
ML/MC-PPP
ML/MC-PPP
HDLC
HDLC
TDM L1
TDM L1
Management Plane
BTS
BSC
Abis
Abis O&M
Abis O&M
IUA
IUA
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
ML/MC-PPP
ML/MC-PPP
HDLC
HDLC
TDM L1
TDM L1
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BTS
BSC
Abis
TC
Ater
MSC
Transcoding
Codec
NSN muxd RTP
Codec
NSN muxd RTP TRAU frame
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L1
Eth L1
TDM L1
G.711
G.711
TDM L1
TDM L1
TRAU frame
TDM L1
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BTS
BSC
Abis
Abis L3
Abis L3
IUA
IUA
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L1
Eth L1
MSC
BSSMAP
BSSMAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP
MTP
TDM L1
TDM L1
BTS
BSC
Abis
Abis L3
Abis L3
MSC
BSSMAP
BSSMAP
SCCP
SCCP
IUA
IUA
M3UA
M3UA
SCTP
SCTP
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
IP
IP
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L1
Eth L1
Eth L1
Eth L1
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MS
BTS
Um
BSC
Abis
SGSN
Gb
Data application
TCP/UDP
IP
SNDCP
SNDCP
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
NS
NS
L1
L1
GSM L1
GSM L1
PA-FP
PA-FP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L1
Eth L1
Um
BSC
Abis
SGSN
Gb
Data application
TCP/UDP
IP
SNDCP
SNDCP
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
NS
NS
GSM L1
GSM L1
PA-FP
PA-FP
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
IP
IP
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L1
Eth L1
Eth L1
Eth L1
MS
BTS
Um
BSC
Abis
SGSN
Gb
GM/SM
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
NS
NS
L1
L1
GSM L1
GSM L1
PA-FP
PA-FP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L1
Eth L1
MS
BTS
Um
BSC
Abis
SGSN
Gb
GM/SM
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
NS
NS
GSM L1
GSM L1
PA-FP
PA-FP
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
IP
IP
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L1
Eth L1
Eth L1
Eth L1
Management Plane
BTS
BSC
Abis
Abis O&M
Abis O&M
IUA
IUA
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
Eth L2
Eth L2
Eth L1
Eth L1
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Possible Scenarios
There are two possible scenarios pertaining to Packet Abis
feature:
Packet Abis using IP over TDM based backhaul (e.g. E1/T1)
Packet Abis using IP over PSN based backhaul (e.g. Ethernet)
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RG10
BSC
Legacy Abis
TDM
TDM
TDM
TDM
TCSM
Ater
TDM
TDM
TDM
IPoEth
IPoEth
Any vendors
MGW
PWE
PWE
PWE
PWE
Gateway
PWE
*A.2200
Alternative interface
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MGW
RG10
Legacy Abis
TDM
TDM
TDM
NSN
MGW
BSC
TDM
TDM
Ater
PWE
Gateway
Legacy Abis
PWE
IPoEth
IPoEth
PWE
TC
PWE
*A.2200
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MGW
RG20
IPoTD
IPoTD
MM
BSC
TCSM
TDM
PAbis oEth
Eth
IPoEth
IPoEth
Ater
Eth
Any vendors
MGW
TDM
TDM
PWE
PWE
TDM
MGW
Eth
Legacy Abis
TDM
AoIP
TDM
(G.711)
TC in BSS
TDM
TDM
Packet / TDM conversion
Alternative interface
PWE capabilities (Abis/A) same, but partly not shown due to simplicity reasons
Any mixed mode possible
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RG20
Any vendors
MGW
PAbis oTDM
TDM
IPoTD
IPoTD
MM
BSC
TDM
AoIP
Eth
PAbis oEth
Eth
IPoEth
IPoEth
TCSM
Eth
TDM
Legacy Abis
TDM
(CodecX )
TC in MGW
TDM
Ater
PWE
TC
MGW
A
TDM
TDM
PWE
Eth
TDM
TDM
AoIP
(G.711)
TC in BSS
Alternative interface
PWE capabilities (Abis/A) same, but partly not shown due to simplicity reasons
Any mixed mode possible
except Legacy Abis <-> AoIP (TC in MGW)
BSC3i 1000/2000 or FlexiBSC required
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RG20
NSN
MGW
PAbis oTDM
TDM
IPoTD
IPoTD
MM
BSC
TDM
(CodecX )
TC in MGW
PAbis oEth
Eth
IPoEth
IPoEth
Eth
TDM
Ater
TDM
MGW
PWE
Gateway
PWE
Legacy Abis
TC
AoIP
Eth
TDM
*A.2200
TDM
TDM
Alternative interface
PWE Legacy Abis capabilities same, but not shown due to simplicity reasons
Any mixed mode possible
except Legacy Abis <-> AoIP (TC in MGW)
BSC3i 1000/2000 or FlexiBSC required
Any vendors
MGW
PAbis oTDM
TDM
RG30
IPoTD
IPoTD
MM
BSC
TDM
PAbis oEth
Eth
IPoEth
IPoEth
Eth
(CodecX )
TC in MGW
Legacy Abis
TDM
AoIP
Eth
MGW
TC
TC
TDM
TDM
TDM
Packet / TDM conversion
PWE Legacy Abis capabilities same, but not shown due to simplicity reasons
Any mixed mode possible
BSC3i 1000/2000 or FlexiBSC required
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RG20
Eth
ETP-A
Packet Abis
over IP
Eth
A
over IP
Core
A
over IP
Core
A
over IP
Core
FlexiEDGE
ETS2 ETP
TCSM3i
ETP-A
Packet Abis
over TDM
TDM
FlexiEDGE
TCSM3i
ETP-A
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BTS
Legacy Abis
ETPA
PAbis oEth
Eth
MGW
BSC
Eth
Nb
TCSM
ETPE
ETPC
PAbis oTDM
TDM
ETPT
G
S
W
B
Ater
TDM
Eth
TDM
TDM
Legacy Abis
AoTDM (PT)
G.711/CS Data
TDM
Mc
AoIP C-plane
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Presentation
/ Author
Date
6.
Multi-operator
BSS /(MOBSS)
/ KH /03 2009 / RN2009
MSS
A over IP
Description:
The A-interface between BSS and MGW will be based on IP / Ethernet
3GPP Rel-8 defines two basic scenarios for AoIP functionality:
AoIP Transcoder in the BSS
The G.711 / RTP / IP protocol is employed
Supported in TCSM3i (stand-alone and combi)
AoIP Transcoder in the Core Network (MGW)
The CODECx / RTP / IP protocol is employed
Supported only with Packet Abis in S15
Benefits:
Simplifies the system configuration in Multipoint A / Flexible A scenarios
Improved transport efficiency and speech quality for the Transcoder in the Core
Network scenario through standardising TrFO for GSM/EDGE
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A-interface Alternatives
MSS
BSSAP/
SIGTRAN
BSC
BTS
TCSM
BTS
Abis
(TDM/IP)
BTS
MGW
TrFO
TC
TFO
AoIP
(IP)
BTS
Abis
(TDM/IP)
H.248
BSSAP, RANAP,
ISUP, BICC, SIP-I
RTP
UDP
Peer
System
IP
A, Ater, AoIP,
Iu, Nb, Nb(SIP-I) or PSTN
Legacy A
(TDM,
G.711)
IP
TC
Ater
(TDM)
BSC
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Ater
(TDM)
PWE Concept
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different services can be emulated by PWE3, e.g. TDM, Frame Relay, ATM, SDH/SONET
emulation basically means conversion of the TDM traffic to packets according to PWE3
PWE3 of TDM traffic is referred to as CESoPSN (Circuit Emulation Services over PSN)
encapsulating service-specific set of information (=> forming PW) arriving at an ingress port,
carrying the PW transparently across a communication path (PSN tunnel),
managing the PWs timing and order,
re-converting to the original signal (native service) in the far end of the PSN tunnel
PWE3 does not intend to guarantee that the emulated service will be
indistinguishable from its origin (i.e. the one which is subject to emulation)
-
the emulation must be sufficient for the proper operation of the service with required QoS
the emulation introduces a trade-off between cost (bandwidth) and performance (delay)
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PSN tunnel
a path over PSN which the content of one or more PWs is conveyed through
PW
a set of PDU sent through the PSN tunnel that contains all of the data (i.e. payload and control information) required
to provide the desired service
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CE-bound
CE1
CE2
PE1
PE2
Customer Edge
Provider Edge
AC
Native service
AC
PSN Tunnel
Packet Switched Network
Attachment Circuit
PW
Pseudowire
PSN bound
traffic direction in which information derived from a native service (in a CE) are adapted to a PW (and next, when
formed, PW PDUs are sent through PSN tunnel)
CE bound
traffic direction in which data conveyed through PW PDUs are received, processed, re-converted back to the native
service and delivered to a CE
Native service
a service which is subject to emulation (i.e. TDM signal in case of the feature)
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the TDM bit stream is segmented according to the user specified TSS
- bits transmitted by indicated PCM TS in subsequent TDM frames
headers are added to each segment to form a manageable packet (encapsulation)
packets are forwarded to the PSN tunnel and transmitted to its destination over Ethernet network
at destination, the original bit stream is reconstructed by removing headers, concatenating frames
and regenerating the timing
an E1 line
TDM frame #1
TS31
Ch24
Ch2
TS1
Ch1
TS0
TDM frame #2
TS31
Ch24
Ch2
TS1
Ch1
TS0
TDM frame #3
TS31
Ch24
Ch2
TS1
Ch1
TS0
Ch2
TS2
Ch24
Ch1 TS31
TS1
Ch2
TS2
payload
TSS composed of 31 TS
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Ch1 TS31
TS1
Ch24
Ch2
TS2
Ch1
TS1
CESoPSN Header
header
Ref. P. Spennemann, Internal Ethernet/IP Interfaces for BSS
Feature Request Sheet, FRS 94060, version 2.0, May 2007
CESoPSN
General feature information
125 s
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7
8 bits
encoding resolution
sampling frequency
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TS 31
CESoPSN
Structure of payload (2/3)
a PCM line is structured by a sequence of frames, a TDM frame lasts 125 s and carries 32
channels of 64 kbps (in case of E1)
the feature allows to select a set of TSs from consecutively transmitted frames of
a given PCM line and to bundle them together into separate set (called TimeSlot map or
TimeSlot Set, TSS)
-
a user defines how many TSs and which particular ones form particular TSS, the selection is permanent, TS0 is always excluded
a user defines how many consecutive TDM frames contribute to a single Ethernet packet
this selection has impact on the required Ethernet bandwidth as well as introduced delay
a connection which transmits a TSS relevant contribution of chosen amount of frames is called Pseudo Wire (PW)
a PW is established between 2 Provider Edges (PEs) carried over PSN tunnel
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CESoPSN
General feature information
each CESoPSN packet gets a leading control word (CW) where a packet sequence number is
stored, this allows to preserve the sequence of CESoPSN packets as well
this allows to re-construct the original PCM data in the receiving end
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CESoPSN
General feature information
CESoPSN protocol stack
standard version of CESoPSN protocol stack is shown below:
worst case protocol header
4
12
8
20
4
38 (26+12)
86
the protocol stack introduces (in the worst case) header with length of 86 bytes
-
different vendors may use modified protocol stacks, e.g. RTP is not supported in BSS14
thus in S14 implementation the header length is either 74 bytes or 70 bytes (depending on whether VLAN is enabled or not)
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Planning Parameter
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PS U-plane
TRAU
handling
TRAU
handling
PCU
frame
PCU
frame
RTP 1)
RTP 1)
RTP 1)
RTP 1)
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
IP
IP
ML/MCPPP
Ethernet
ML/MCPPP
Ethernet
HDLC
L1
HDLC
L1
TDM L1
TDM L1
CS-UDP
mux port 2)
2)
BSC:
U-plane-IP address =
ETP-IP address
BTS:
U-plane IP address =
C-plane IP address
Source & Destination port number (Source port number = Destination port number on Abis
interface)
IP
Flexi BSC
BCF
TRX1
TRX3
TRX5
DTRX
DTRX
DTRX
BCSU
TRX2
BCSU
TRX4
BCSU
TRX6
BCSU
DTRX
DTRX
DTRX
TRX2
TRX4
TRX6
BCSU
Benefits
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Legacy TDM
PWE CESoPSN
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Cost of transmission
Ethernet transport is cost efficient in many areas
Efficient utilization of the current TDM transport
CS voice quality and CS data throughput not affected
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